Keyboard arrangement for easy acquisition of typing skills

• US 20040086315A1
• Filed: 08/16/2003
• Published: 05/06/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Douglas L. Trotman
• Original Assignee: Douglas L. Trotman
• Inventors: Trotman, Douglas L.
• Granted Patent: US 6,932,525 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 400/472
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0219 Special purpose keyboards
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0234 using switches operable in different directions
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0238 Programmable keyboards key guide holders G06F3/0224

Abstract

A keyboard arrangement that assigns alphanumeric and special character symbols to keys based upon the shapes of the symbols in order to facilitate learning to type. Attribute classes are defined according to the number, position, direction, or contours of the line segments that comprise the symbols. As an aid to memorization of a keyboard arrangement, symbols are assigned to keys such that a substantial number of keys in a column of keys belong to the same attribute class. To convert any prior art or other kind of electronic keyboard to a keyboard arrangement within the scope of the invention, hardware and/or software components are provided that reassign the keys so that substantially all keys within the same column will correspond to symbols within the same attribute class. The scope of the invention includes keyboard arrangements that dispense with keys entirely and substitute therefor devices that are each capable of coding for as many symbols as two or more conventional keyboard keys; each of the devices is made to correspond to symbols within the same attribute class.

Claims

1. A keyboard arrangement comprising:

a plurality of manually actuable keys in a fixed array of at least three rows, numbered sequentially from a first, top row, to a last, bottom row, and at least nine columns, numbered sequentially from left to right, at least some of which keys correspond to letter, number, punctuation and special character symbols in a given language;

wherein information corresponding to said symbols is to be conveyed to information receiving means associated with the keyboard arrangement, and wherein at least some of the symbols that correspond to the keys are assigned to at least one of a plurality of attribute classes according to the number, position, direction or contours of the lines within the symbols such that there are at least three keys in each column of at least nine columns that correspond to symbols within the same attribute class.

2. The keyboard arrangement of claim 1, wherein the attribute classes include a first class of symbols having a top right oblique line and exemplified by K, k, W, w, X, x, V, v, Z, z, /, %;

a second class of symbols having a centrally-disposed, horizontal line and exemplified by A, E, F, H, +;

a third class of symbols having a straight line intersected by a straight line extending leftwardly and exemplified by X, x, Z, z, y, T, t, Z, z, A, H, 4, #, +;

a fourth class of symbols having a left convex curve and exemplified by C, c, G, O, o, a, d, e, q, g, S, s, 6, 0, (, @, &

;

a fifth class of symbols having a partial or complete loop and exemplified by U, u, C, c, G, Q, o, O, @, %;

a sixth class of symbols having a double curve and exemplified by S, s, B, m, g, 3, 8, $, &

, ˜

;

a seventh class of symbols having a right convex curve and exemplified by B, b, D, P, p, R, S, s, O, o, 0, 2, 3, 9, 5, );

an eighth class of symbols having a horizontal line and an intersecting, downward extending line, exemplified by T, t, Z, z, E, 4, 7, F, +, #;

a ninth class of symbols having a single vertical line and exemplified by L, l, I, J, j, T, t, P, p, D, d, E, F, f, K, k, B, b, q, l, !, |; and

a tenth class of symbols having a top left oblique line and exemplified by K, k, W, w, M, N, V, x, \;

a eleventh class of symbols having a straight vertical line with a line projecting at a right angle and exemplified by E, F, H, T, f, t, +;

a twelfth class of symbols having a curve open at the bottom and exemplified by h, m, n;

a thirteenth class of symbols having lines converging superiorly and exemplified by K, k, W, w, X, x, M, A N, A, {circumflex over ( 

)};

a fourteenth class of symbols having lines converging inferiorly and exemplified by K, k, V, v, W, w, X, x, Y, y, M, N;

a fifteenth class of symbols having lines converging to the left and exemplified by K, k, X, x, Z, z, <

;

a sixteenth class of symbols having lines converging to the right and exemplified by X, x, Z, z, 7, >

;

a seventeenth class of symbols having two, vertically-separated, horizontal lines and exemplified by Z, z, E, F, =, #;

an eighteenth class of symbols having two, horizontally-separated, vertical lines and exemplified by H, h, M, m, N, n, U, u, #;

a nineteenth class of symbols having a line and a closed loop at one end of said line, and exemplified by b, d, P, p, q, R, 6, 9;

a twentieth class of symbols having a closed loop on the top and exemplified by P, p, q, B, R, 9, 8,%, &

;

a twenty-first class of symbols having a closed loop on the bottom and exemplified by B, b, d, 6, 8,%, &

;

a twenty-second class of symbols having a closed loop on the left and exemplified by d, g, G, q, %, &

;

a twenty-third class of symbols having a closed loop on the right and exemplified by B, b, P, R, 6, %;

a twenty-fourth class of symbols having a curved line constituting an incomplete loop and exemplified by C, c, G, j, m, n, U, u, 2, 3, 5, ?, (, );

a twenty-fifth class of symbols having a line that projects below the line of writing and exemplified by j, p, q, y;

a twenty-sixth class of symbols having a straight horizontal line exemplified by e, E, f, F, t, T, z, Z, 2, 4, 5, 7, -, _, A, F, H, L, #, B.

3. The keyboard arrangement of claim 2, wherein each one of at least some of the keys corresponds to a paired combination of an upper case symbol of a letter with a lower case symbol of the same letter, further comprising shift means for selecting between the upper and lower case symbol of said letter.

4. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein said paired upper and lower cas letter symbols are exemplified by A and a, B and b, C and c, D and d, E and e, F and f, G and g, H and h, I and i, J and j, K and k, L and l, M and m, N and n, O and o, P an p, Q and q, R and r, S and s, T and t, U and u, V and v, W and w, X and x, Y and y, Z and z.

5. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the fourth attribute class and at least three keys in any one other column correspond to symbols in the seventh attribute class.

6. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the sixth attribute class.

7. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three k ys in any one column correspond to symbols in the first attribute class.

8. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the second attribute class.

9. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the third attribute class.

10. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the fifth attribute class.

11. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one of the columns correspond to symbols in the sixth attribute class.

12. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the eighth attribute class.

13. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column correspond to symbols in the ninth attribute class.

14. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein at least three keys in any one column corr spond to symbols in the tenth attribute class.

15. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein each one of at least some of the keys corresponds to an upper case symbol and a lower case symbol selected from the group of paired upper and lower case symbols comprising / and 2, - and 3, + and 4, ( and 6, % and 0, $ and 8, ) and 9, # and 7, \ and 5.

16. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein the number of columns is ten and the keys in columns number 1 through 10 correspond to symbols in attribute classes 1 through 10, r spectively.

17. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein the keys in columns 1 through 10 in any one of the rows correspond to the paired upper and lower case symbols / and 2, - and 3, +and 4, ( and 6, % and 0, $ and 8, ) and 9, # and 7, ! and 1, \ and 5, respectively.

18. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein the keys in columns 1 through 10 in any one of the rows correspond to the paired upper and lower case symbols V and v, H and h, Y and y, C and c, U and u, S and s, D and d, T and t, I and i, N and n, respectively.

19. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein the keys in columns 1 through 10 in any one of the rows correspond to paired upper and lower case symbols W and w, F and f, A and a, G and g, O and o, B and b, P and p, Z and z, J and j, K and k, respectively.

20. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein the keys in columns 1 through 10 in any of one of the rows correspond to paired upper and lower case symbols “

and '"'"', E and e, X and x, @ and ., Q and q, ; and

;

, R and r, ? and ,, M and m, respectively.

21. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein the keys in columns 1 through 10 in the first row correspond to paired upper and lower case symbols / and 2, - and 3, + and 4, ( and 6, % and 0, $ and 8, ) and 9, # and 7, ! and 1, \ and 5, respectively;

the keys in columns 1 through 10 in the second row correspond to paired upper and lower case symbols V and v, H and h, Y and y, C and c, U and u, S and s, D and d, T and t, I and i, N and n, r spectively;

the keys in columns 1 through 10 in the third row correspond to paired upper and lower case symbols W and w, F and f, A and a, G and g, O and o, B and b, P and p, Z and z, J and j, K and k, respectively; and

the keys in columns 1 through 10 in the fourth row correspond to paired upper and lower case symbols “

and '"'"', E and e, X and x, @ and ., Q and q, ; and

;

, R and r, ? and ,, M and m, respectively.

22. The keyboard arrangement of claim 1, wherein the attribute classes include a twenty-sixth class of symbols having at least one curvilinear line and exemplified by C, c, G, g, U. u, S, s, B, b, D, d, P, p, R, r;

and a twenty-seventh class of symbols having no curvilinear line and exemplified by V, v, W, w, H , F, E, Y, A, S, T, Z, I, i, L, l.

23. The keyboard arrangement of claim 22, wherein the keys that correspond to capital letter symbols in the twenty-sixth class are distributed substantially among four columns only.

24. The keyboard arrangement of claim 23, wherein said four columns are adjacent columns.

25. The keyboard arrangement of claim 24, wherein the keys that correspond to capital letter symbols in the twenty-seventh class are distributed substantially among at least five columns.

26. The keyboard arrangement of claim 25, wherein said four columns are centrally disposed and said at least five columns are outlier columns disposed to the left and the right of said four columns.

27. The keyboard arrangement of claim 26, wherein each one of at least some of the keys corresponds to a paired combination of an upper case letter symbol with a lower case symbol of the same letter, further comprising shift means for selecting between the upper and lower case of said letter symbol.

28. The keyboard arrangement of claim 27, wherein the paired combinations of an upper case letter symbol with a lower case symbol of the same letter are exemplified by A and a, B and b, C and c, D and d, E and e, F and f, G and g, H and h, I and i, J and j, K and k, L and l, M and m, N and n, O and o, P an p, Q and q, R and r, S and s, T and t, U and u, V and v, W and w, X and x, Y and y, Z and z.

42. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein a substantial number of the keys that correspond to numbers also correspond to punctuation or special character symbols such that said keys correspond to one or more pairs of symbols selected from the pairs 2 and /, 3 and -, 4 and +, 6 and (, 7 and #, 8 and $, 9 and ), 0 and %.

47. The keyboard arrangement of claim 3, wherein all keys that correspond to number symbols are within the same row and consecutively arranged in numerical order from left to right as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 in columns 1 through 10, respectively.

29. A keyboard arrangement comprising:

a plurality of manually actuable keys in a fixed array of at least three rows, numbered sequentially from a first, top row, to a last, bottom row, and at least nine columns, numbered sequentially from left to right, at least some of which keys correspond to upper and lower case letter symbols, and at least some of which keys correspond to number, punctuation and special character symbols, in a given language; and

shift means for selecting between the upper and lower case form of each letter symbol;

wherein information corresponding to said symbols is to be conveyed to information receiving means associated with the keyboard arrangement, each letter symbol is assigned either to a first, curved class if the symbol includes a curved line or to a second, noncurved class if the symbol lacks a curved line, and each column within a set of at least four columns has a key that corresponds to either an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol in the curved class and at least one other key that corresponds to an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol that is assigned to the curved class, and each column within a set of at least five columns has a key that corresponds to either an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol in the noncurved class and at least one other key that corresponds to an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol that is assigned to the noncurved class.

30. The keyboard arrangement of claim 29, wherein the letter symbols assigned to the curved class are exemplified by a, B, b, C, c, D, d, E, e, f, G, g, h, J, j, m, n, O, o, P, p, Q, q, R, r, S, s, U and u;

and the letter symbols assigned to the noncurved class are exemplified by A, F, H, I, K, k, L, l, M, N, T, t, V, v, W, w, X, x, Y, y, Z, z.

31. The keyboard arrangement of claim 30, wherein each column that contains at least two keys that correspond to letter symbols in the curved class also contains at least on key that corresponds to a number symbol in th curved class.

32. The keyboard arrangement of claim 31, wherein the capital letter symbols assigned to the curved class substantially all correspond to keys in four centrally-disposed columns, and the capital letter symbols assigned to the noncurved class substantially all correspond to keys in outlier columns.

33. The keyboard arrangement of claim 32, wherein the number symbols corresponding to keys in the four centrally-disposed columns all belong to the curved class.

34. The keyboard arrangement of claim 30, wherein the keys that correspond to letter symbols are distributed among adjacent columns.

35. The keyboard arrangement of claim 34, wherein the letter symbols assigned to the noncurved class substantially all correspond to keys in the centrally-disposed columns, and the letter symbols assigned to the curved class substantially all correspond to keys in outlier columns.

36. The keyboard arrangement of claim 35, wherein the number symbols corresponding to keys in outlier columns all belong to the curved class.

37. The keyboard arrangement of claims 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36, wherein the number symbols assigned to the curved class are exemplified by 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 0.

38. The keyboard arrangement of claim 29, wherein all keys corresponding to letter symbols in any one column all correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a left convex curve exemplified by a, c, C, d, e, g, o, O, Q, s, S, and all keys corresponding to letter symbols in any one other column correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a right convex curve, exemplified by b, B, D, j, J, o, O, p, P, Q, R, s, S.

39. The keyboard arrangement of claim 29, wherein all keys corresponding to letter symbols in any one column all correspond to the upper or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a vertical, straight line xemplified by b, B, d, D, E, f, F, h, H, i, I, k, K, l, L, m, M, n, N, p, P, r, R, t, T, u, U, and all keys corresponding to letter symbols in any one other column all corr spond to the upper or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a horizontal straight line exemplified by A, B, e, E, f, F, H, t, T.

40. The keyboard arrangement of claim 29, wherein all keys corresponding to letter symbols in any one column all correspond to the upper or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a top-left oblique line exemplified by k, K, w, W, M, N, v, V, x, and all keys corresponding to letter symbols in any one other column all correspond to the upper or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a top-right oblique line exemplified by k, K, w, W, x, X, V, V, z, Z.

41. A keyboard arrangement comprising:

a plurality of manually actuable keys in a fixed array of at least three rows, numbered sequentially from a first, top row, to a last, bottom row, and at least nine columns, numbered sequentially from left to right, at least some of which keys correspond to upper and lower case letter symbols, and at least some of which keys correspond to number, punctuation and special character symbols, in a given language; and

shift means for selecting between the upper and lower case of each letter symbol;

wherein information corresponding to said symbols is to be conveyed to information receiving means associated with the keyboard arrangement, and wherein all keys corresponding to letter symbols in a first column all correspond to the upper or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a left convex curve exemplified by a, c, C, d, e, g, o, O, s, S, all keys corresponding to letter symbols in a second column correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form a letter symbol that contains a right convex curve exemplified by b, B, D, o, O, p, P, Q, R, s, S, all keys corresponding to letter symbols in a third column all correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a vertical, straight line exemplifi d by b, B, d, D, E, f, F, h, E, i, I, k, K, l, L, m, M, n, N. p, P, r, R, t, T, u, U, all keys corresponding to letter symbols in a fourth column all correspond to the uppercas or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a horizontal straight line exemplified by A, B, e, E, f, F, H, t, T, all keys corresponding to letter symbols in a fifth column all correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a top-left oblique line exemplified by k, K, w, W, M, N, ,v, V, x, and all keys corresponding to letter symbols in a sixth column all correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a top-right oblique line exemplified by k, K, w, W, x, X, v, V, z, Z.

43. The keyboard arrangement of claim 41 or 42, wherein the keys that correspond to numbers and that also correspond to punctuation or special character symbols are all within the same row.

44. A keyboard arrangement comprising:

a plurality of manually actuable keys in a fixed array of at least three rows, numbered sequentially from a first, top row, to a last, bottom row, and at least nine columns, numbered sequentially from left to right, at least some of which keys have been preassigned to correspond to a first set of upper and lower case letter, number, punctuation and special character symbols in a given language;

shift means for selecting between the upper and lower case symbols; and

computer hardware or software means for reassigning the preassigned keys to correspond to a second set of upper and lower case letter, number and special character symbols in the same or a differ nt language alphabet, such that at least some of the second set of symbols that correspond to the keys are assigned to at least one of a plurality of attribute classes according to the number, position, direction and contours of the symbols, and such that there are at least three keys in each column of at least nine columns that correspond to symbols within the same attribute class;

whereby information corresponding to said second set of symbols is to be conveyed to information receiving means associated with the keyboard arrangement.

45. The keyboard arrangement of claim 44, wherein the computer means for reassigning the preassigned keys comprises:

(a) an initializing component that initializes said software means;

(b) a keyboard hook installation component;

(c) a keystroke detection component that detects the stroking of a key that has been preassigned to a symbol within the first set of symbols;

(d) a keystroke trapping component that stores a first digital code for identifying said key;

(e) a reassignment component that reassigns said key to a symbol in the second set of symbols using a lookup table and dictionary combination that, for each key, maps a first digital code for said key that corresponds to a preassigned symbol within the first set of symbols into a second digital code that corresponds to a symbol within the second set of symbols;

(f) a keyboard buffer insertion component that inserts the second, reassigned digital code into a keyboard buffer that communicates with the information receiving means; and

(g) a keyboard hook removal component that removes the keyboard hook when there are no additional keystrokes detected.

46. The keyboard arrangement of claim 45, wherein the attribute classes include a first class of symbols having a top right oblique line and exemplified by K, k, W, X, x, V, v, Z, z, /, %;

a second class of symbols having a centrally-disposed, horizontal line and xemplified by A, E, F, H, +;

a third class of symbols having a straight line intersected by a straight line extending leftwardly and exemplified by X, Z, z, y, T, t, Z, z, A, H, 4, #, +;

a fourth class of symbols having a left convex curve and exemplified by C, c, G, O, o, a, d, e, q, g, S, s, 6, O, (, @, &

;

a fifth class of symbols having a partial or complete loop and exemplified by U, u, C, c, G, Q, o, O, @, %;

a sixth class of symbols having a double curve and exemplified by S, s, B, m, g, 3, 8, $, &

, ˜

;

a seventh class of symbols having a right convex curve and exemplified by B, b, D, P, p, R, S, s, o, O, 2, 3, 9, 5, );

an eighth class of symbols having a horizontal line and an intersecting, downward extending line, exemplified by T, t, Z, z, E, 4, 7, F, +, #;

a ninth class of symbols having a single vertical line and exemplified by L, l, I, J, j, T, t, P, p, D, d, E, F, f, K, k, B, b, q, 1, !, |; and

a tenth class of symbols having a top left oblique line and exemplified by K, k, W, w, M, N, V, x, \;

an eleventh class of symbols having a straight vertical line with a line projecting at a right angle and exemplified by E, F, H, T, f, t, +;

a twelfth class of symbols having a curve open at the bottom and exemplified by h, m, n;

a thirteenth class of symbols having lines converging at the top and exemplified by K, k, W, w, X, x, M, N, A, {circumflex over ( 

)};

a fourteenth class of symbols having lines converging at the bottom and exemplified by K, k, V, v, W, w, X, x, Y, y, M, N;

a fifteenth class of symbols having lines converging on the left and exemplified by K, k, X, x, Z, z, <

;

a sixteenth class of symbols having lines converging on the right and exemplified by X, x, Z, z, 7, >

;

a seventeenth class of symbols having two, vertically-separated, horizontal lines and exemplified by Z. z, E, F, =, #;

an eighteenth class of symbols having two, horizontally-separated, vertical lines and exemplified by H, h, M, m, N, n, U, u, #;

a nineteenth class of symbols having a line and a closed loop at one end of said line, and exemplified by b, d, P, p, q, R, 6, 9;

a twentieth class of symbols having a closed loop on the top and exemplified by P, p, q, B, R, 9, 8, %, &

;

a twenty-first class of symbols having a closed loop on the bottom and exemplified by B, b, d, 6, 8, %, &

;

a twenty-second class of symbols having a closed loop on the left and exemplified by d, g, G, q, %, &

;

a twenty-third class of symbols having a closed loop on the right and xemplified by B, b, P, R, 6, %;

a twenty-fourth class of symbols having a curved line constituting an incomplete loop and exemplified by C, c, G, j, m, n, U, u, 2, 3, 5, ?, (, );

a twenty-fifth class of symbols having a line that projects below the line of writing and exemplified by j, p, q, y; and

a twenty-sixth class of symbols having a straight horizontal line exemplified by e, E, f, F, t, T, z, Z, 2, 4, 5, 7, -, _, A, F, H, L, #, B..

48. A keyboard arrangement comprising:

a plurality of manually actuable keying means in a fixed array, each keying means being capable of being placed into any of three or more states by slight movement of a single finger of a typist, and at least some of said states corresponding to letter, number, punctuation and special character symbols in a given language;

wherein information corresponding to said symbols is to be conveyed to information receiving means associated with the keyboard arrangement, and wherein at least some of the symbols that correspond to the keying means are assigned to at least one of a plurality of attribute classes according to the number, position, direction or contours of the lines within the symbols such that either

(A) there are keying means that correspond to at least three symbols within the same attribute class, and wherein the attribute classes include a first class of symbols having a top right oblique line and exemplified by K, k, W, w, X, x, V, v, Z, z, /, %;

a second class of symbols having a centrally-disposed, horizontal line and exemplified by A, E, F, H, +;

a third class of symbols having a straight line intersected by a straight line extending leftwardly and exemplified by X, x, Z, z, y, T, t, Z, z, A, H, 4, #, +;

a fourth class of symbols having a left convex curve and exemplified by C, c, G, O, o, a, d, e, q, g, S, s, 6, 0, (, @, &

;

a fifth class of symbols having a partial or complete loop and exemplified by U, u, C, C, G, Q, o, O, @, %;

a sixth class of symbols having a double curve and exemplified by S, s, B, m, g, 3, 8, $, &

, ˜

;

a seventh class of symbols having a right convex curve and exemplified by B, b, D, P, p, R, S, s, O, o, 0, 2, 3, 9, 5, );

an eighth class of symbols having a horizontal line and an intersecting, downward extending line, exemplified by T, t, Z, z, E, 4, 7, F, +, #;

a ninth class of symbols having a single vertical line and exemplified by L, l, I, J, j, T, t, P, p, D, d, E, F, f, K, k, B, b, q, 1,!, |; and

a tenth class of symbols having a top left oblique line and exemplified by K, k, W, w, M, N, V, x, \;

a eleventh class of symbols having a straight vertical line with a line projecting at a right angle and exemplified by E, F, H, T, f, t, +;

a twelfth class of symbols having a curve open at the bottom and exemplified by h, m, n;

a thirteenth class of symbols having lines converging superiorly and exemplified by K, k, W, w, X, x, M, N, A, {circumflex over ( 

)};

a fourteenth class of symbols having lines converging inferiorly and exemplified by K, k, V, v, W, w, X, x, Y, y, M, N;

a fifteenth class of symbols having lines converging to the left and exemplified by K, k, X, x, Z, z, <

;

a sixteenth class of symbols having lines converging to the right and exemplified by X, x, Z, z, 7, >

;

a seventeenth class of symbols having two, vertically-separated, horizontal lines and exemplified by Z, z, E, F, =, #;

an eighteenth class of symbols having two, horizontally-separated, vertical lines and exemplified by H, h, M, m, N, n, U, u, #;

a nineteenth class of symbols having a line and a closed loop at one end of said line, and exemplified by b, d, P, p, q, R, 6, 9;

a twentieth class of symbols having a closed loop on the top and exemplified by P, p, q, B, R, 9, 8, %, &

;

a twenty-first class of symbols having a closed loop on the bottom and exemplified by B, b, d, 6, 8, %, &

;

a twenty-second class of symbols having a closed loop on the left and exemplified by d, g, G, q, %, &

;

a twenty-third class of symbols having a closed loop on the right and exemplified by B, b, P, R, 6, %;

a twenty-fourth class of symbols having a curv d lin constituting an incomplet loop and exemplified by C, c, G, j, m, n, U, u, 2, 3, 5, ?, (, );

a twenty-fourth class of symbols. having a line that projects below the line of writing and exemplified by j, p, q, y;

a twenty-fifth class of symbols having a straight horizontal line exemplified by e, E, f, F, t, T, z, Z, 2, 4, 5, 7, -, _, A, F, H, L, #, B;

or

(B) there are a curved class of symbols, each of said symbols having a curved line, and a noncurved class of symbols, each of said symbols lacking a curved line, such that each there are at least four keying means that correspond to either an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol in the curved class and at least one other keying means that corresponds to an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol that is assigned to the curved class, and there are at least five keying means that corresponds to either an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol in the noncurved class and at least one other keying means that corresponds to an upper or lower case form of a letter symbol that is assigned to the noncurved class;

or

(C) a first keying means corresponds to the upper or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a left convex curve exemplified by a, c, C, d, e, g, o, O, s, S;

a second keying means corresponds to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a right convex curve exemplified by b, B, D, i, J, o, O, p, P, O, R, s, X;

a third keying means corresponds to letter symbols in a third column all correspond to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a vertical, straight line exemplified by b, B, d, D, E, f, F, h, E, i, I, k, K, l, L, m, M, n, N, p, P, r, R, t, T, u, U;

a fourth keying means corresponds to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a horizontal straight line exemplified by A, B, e, E, f, F, H, t, T;

a fifth keying means corresponds to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a top-left oblique line exemplified by k, K, w, W, M, N, v, V, x; and

a sixth keying means corresponds to the uppercase or lowercase form of a letter symbol that contains a top-right oblique line exemplified by k, K, w, W, x, X, V, V, z, Z.