Analog isolation system with digital communication across a capacitive barrier
First Claim
1. An isolation barrier for conveying an electrical signal from a transmitting circuit to a receiving circuit while electrically isolating the transmitting circuit from the receiving circuit, comprising:
- an isolation capacitor;
a synchronous analog-to-digital converter having an input connected to the transmitting circuit for receiving the electrical signal to be transmitted across the barrier, and an output connected to a first side of the isolation capacitor for providing a synchronous digital signal to the isolation capacitor;
a synchronous digital-to-analog converter having an input connected to a second side of the isolation capacitor for receiving the synchronous digital signal therefrom, and having an output connected to the receiving circuit for providing an analog signal thereto.
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Abstract
An isolation system is provided that is suitable for use in telephony, medical instrumentation, industrial process control and other applications. Preferred embodiments of the invention comprise a capacitive isolation barrier across which a digital signal is communicated. The system provides a means of communication across the isolation barrier that is highly immune to amplitude and phase noise interference. Clock recovery circuitry may be employed on one side of the isolation barrier to extract timing information from the digital signal communicated across the barrier, and to filter the effects of phase noise introduced at the barrier. Delta-sigma converters may be disposed on both sides of the isolation barrier to convert signals between analog and digital domains. An isolated power supply may also be provided on the isolated side of the barrier, whereby direct current is generated in response to the digital data received across the isolation barrier. Finally, a bidirectional isolation system is provided whereby bidirectional communication of digital signals is accomplished using a single pair of isolation capacitors. In preferred embodiments, the digital data communicated across the barrier consists of digital delta-sigma data signals multiplexed in time with other digital control, signaling and framing information.
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Citations
45 Claims
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1. An isolation barrier for conveying an electrical signal from a transmitting circuit to a receiving circuit while electrically isolating the transmitting circuit from the receiving circuit, comprising:
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an isolation capacitor;
a synchronous analog-to-digital converter having an input connected to the transmitting circuit for receiving the electrical signal to be transmitted across the barrier, and an output connected to a first side of the isolation capacitor for providing a synchronous digital signal to the isolation capacitor;
a synchronous digital-to-analog converter having an input connected to a second side of the isolation capacitor for receiving the synchronous digital signal therefrom, and having an output connected to the receiving circuit for providing an analog signal thereto. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. An isolation barrier for conveying an analog data signal from a transmitting circuit to a receiving circuit while electrically isolating the transmitting circuit from the receiving circuit, comprising:
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a) an analog-to-digital converter having an input connected to receive the analog data signal from the transmitting circuit and an output providing a synchronous digital data signal;
b) an encoder circuit connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter for encoding the digital data signal into a selected format;
c) an oscillator circuit connected to the analog-to-digital converter and to the encoder circuit to provide a clock signal thereto;
d) a driver circuit connected to receive the encoded digital signal from the encoder circuit and providing a digital output signal;
e) a first isolation capacitor having an input connected to receive the digital output signal from the driver circuit;
f) a clock recovery circuit having an input connected to an output of the isolation capacitor, the clock recovery circuit providing a clock signal that is substantially synchronized with the clock signal provided by the oscillator circuit;
g) a decoder circuit having a decoder input connected to the isolation capacitor output, a clock input connected to receive a clock signal from the clock recovery circuit, and a digital data output; and
h) a digital-to-analog converter connected to the digital data output, the digital-to-analog converter having an output terminal for providing an isolated analog signal to the receiving circuit. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method for conveying an analog signal from a transmitting circuit to a receiving circuit while electrically isolating the transmitting circuit from the receiving circuit, comprising:
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converting the analog signal to a synchronous digital signal;
transferring the synchronous digital signal across a capacitive isolation barrier to provide an isolated digital signal;
converting the isolated digital signal to an analog output signal. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15)
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16. A bidirectional isolation barrier for conveying analog data signals between a powered circuit and an isolated circuit while electrically isolating the powered circuit from the isolated circuit, the barrier comprising:
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a first isolation capacitor;
a powered-side signal processing system including;
a first synchronous analog-to-digital converter having an input connected to the powered circuit for receiving an analog data signal to be transmitted across the barrier in a first direction, and an output connected to a first side of the isolation capacitor for providing a synchronous digital signal to the isolation capacitor;
a first synchronous digital-to-analog converter having an input connected to said first side of the isolation capacitor for receiving synchronous digital signals therefrom when data signals are transmitted in a second direction from the isolated circuit to the powered circuit, and having an output connected to the powered circuit for providing analog signals thereto;
an isolated-side signal processing system including;
a second synchronous digital-to-analog converter having an input connected to a second side of the isolation capacitor for receiving a synchronous digital signal therefrom when the data signals are transmitted in said first direction, and having an output connected to the isolated circuit for providing a reconstructed analog data signal thereto; and
a second synchronous analog-to-digital converter having an input connected to the isolated circuit for receiving an analog data signal to be transmitted across the barrier in said second direction to the powered circuit, and an output connected to the second side of the isolation capacitor for conveying a synchronous digital signal corresponding to said analog data signal to the isolation capacitor. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An isolated digital-to-analog converter for converting synchronous digital signals received from an isolation barrier into analog signals, comprising:
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a clock recovery circuit having an input connected to the isolation barrier and being adapted to produce a recovered clock signal that is synchronized to the synchronous digital signals, the clock recovery circuit comprising a latch for resynchronizing the synchronous digital signals to the recovered clock signal; and
a synchronous digital-to-analog converter having a clock input connected to receive the recovered clock signal from the clock recovery circuit, a data input connected to receive the resynchronized digital signals from the clock recovery circuit, and an analog output. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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26. A method for transmitting an analog data signal across a capacitive isolation barrier, comprising:
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converting the analog signal to a digital data signal;
combining the digital data signal with control information to form a digital encoded signal;
driving the digital encoded signal across the capacitive isolation barrier;
receiving an isolated encoded signal from the isolation barrier;
recovering a clock signal from the isolated encoded signal;
synchronizing the isolated encoded signal with the clock signal;
separating the isolated encoded signal into an isolated digital data signal and isolated control information; and
converting the isolated digital data signal into an isolated analog signal. - View Dependent Claims (27)
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- 28. An isolation system for providing a digital communication channel between a powered circuit and an isolated circuit, the isolation system comprising an isolation barrier and a clock recovery circuit located on an isolated side of the isolation barrier, the clock recovery circuit adapted to provide a recovered clock signal based on isolated signals received from the powered circuit across the isolation barrier, the recovered clock signal being substantially free of phase noise, the isolation system further comprising an analog to digital converter having an input connected to the powered circuit and an output connected to the isolation barrier, and a digital to analog converter having an input connected to the isolation barrier and an output connected to the isolated circuit.
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36. A bidirectional isolation system for providing an isolated communication channel for data signals in a forward direction and in a reverse direction across an isolation barrier comprised of isolation elements, the system comprising:
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a powered system on a first side of the isolation barrier, the powered system comprising a powered analog to digital converter having a data input terminal and an output connected to a first driver circuit, the first driver circuit being connected to the isolation barrier for driving a forward direction digital signal across the isolation barrier; and
an isolated system on a second side of the isolation barrier, the isolated system comprising an isolated analog to digital converter having a data input terminal and an output connected to a second driver circuit, the second driver circuit being connected to the isolation barrier for driving a reverse direction digital signal across the isolation barrier;
wherein the forward direction digital signal and the reverse direction digital signal are both driven through the same isolation elements. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38, 39, 40, 41)
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42. An isolation system for providing a digital communication channel for data signals and control signals, the isolation system comprising:
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an isolation barrier;
an analog to digital converter connected to receive the data signals having an output for providing digitized data signals;
a multiplexer located on one side of the isolation barrier and connected to receive the digitized data signals and the control signals and providing a multiplexed digital signal that is connected to the isolation barrier;
a demultiplexer located on the other side of the isolation barrier and connected to receive the multiplexed digital signal from the isolation barrier, the demultiplexer having a digitized data signal output and a control signal output; and
a digital to analog converter having an input connected to the digitized data signal output and an analog output terminal. - View Dependent Claims (43, 44, 45)
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Specification