Tools and methods for creating cavities in bone

• US 20040133208A1
• Filed: 12/18/2003
• Published: 07/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/01/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Synthes USA LLC (Johnson & Johnson)
• Original Assignee: Synthes USA LLC (Johnson & Johnson)
• Inventors: Binder, Larry, Weikel, Stuart, Lehmicke, Mike, Thongpreda, Nisra, Kephart, Douglas
• Granted Patent: US 7,476,226 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/79
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1604 Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1637 Hollow drills or saws producing a curved cut, e.g. cylindrical A61B10/025, A61B17/1695 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1671 for the spine
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/320016 Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes A61B10/0233, A61B17/29, A61B17/3207 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/32002 with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/7061 for stabilising vertebrae or discs by improving the condition of their tissues, e.g. using implanted medication or fluid exchange intraosseous injection devices A61B17/3472
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/8822 characterised by means facilitating expulsion of fluid from the introducer, e.g. a screw pump plunger, hydraulic force transmissions, application of vibrations or a vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/8858 laterally or radially expansible inflatable A61B17/8855
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00004 (bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive for implantable prostheses A61F2210/0004
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00261 Discectomy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00557 inflatable A61B2017/22051 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00867 shape memory effect for prostheses A61F2210/0014
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/39 Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/44 for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/4601 for introducing bone substitute, for implanting bone graft implants or for compacting them in the bone cavity

Abstract

Tools for use in the creation of cavities in bones. The tools include a probe, a cannula that provides percutaneous passageway to the interior of the treated bone, a bone tamp, and a system for delivering bone filler material into the cavity. The bone tamp has a shaft that is inserted into the bone through the cannula. The end of the shaft that is inserted into the bone may have a flapper tip that extends out of axial alignment with the shaft upon deployment by the physician. Once the tip is deployed, the bone tamp can be rotated to form the cavity. The cavity may then be treated with a medicament, filled with bone filler material, or both. Other tools and materials described herein may be used to lift or restore the treated bone closer to its natural anatomy.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument having a longitudinal axis for creating a cavity in bone, comprising:

first and second members having proximal and distal ends,

a tip having proximal and distal ends for creating a cavity in bone, and

a fastening element for securing the tip to the first member,

at least a portion of the first member, the tip, and the fastening element forming a joint adapted for insertion through a cannula into bone,

wherein the joint is operatively associated with the second member to provide a first mode allowing the joint to articulate freely between an initial position and a fully deployed position, a second mode that substantially immobilizes the joint in the fully deployed position, and a third mode, wherein the second member blocks the tip from articulating freely between the initial position and the fully deployed position.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the third mode allows the joint to articulate freely between at least one intermediate position and the fully deployed position.

3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a handle adjoining the proximal end of the first member.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a collar located between a handle and the tip.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the collar is operably associated with the tip to articulate the joint.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein the collar is operably associated with the tip to lock the joint.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the collar is operably associated with the tip to unlock the joint.

8. The device of claim 4, further comprising a third mode, wherein the second. member blocks the tip from articulating freely between the initial position and the fully deployed position.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein third mode allows the joint to articulate freely between at least one intermediate position and the fully deployed position.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one intermediate position and the fully deployed position define a range of free motion, and the collar is operably associated with the joint to selectively define the at least one intermediate position.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein rotating the collar in one direction decreases the range of free motion.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein rotating the collar through a range of motion decreases the free range of motion of the tip by a related amount.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the related amount is proportional to the range of motion of the collar.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein the related amount is directly proportional to the range of motion of the collar.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein rotating the collar in the opposite direction increases the range of free motion.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the collar is operable between a first position and a second position, such that when the collar is in the first position the tip is in the initial position, and when the collar is in the second position the tip is in the fully deployed position.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein the collar is operable between the first and second positions and at least one third position, such that when the collar is in the at least one third position the tip is in the at least one intermediate position.

18. The device of claim 4, wherein the handle comprises a surface defining a first plane.

19. The device of claim 18, wherein the joint articulates in a second plane.

20. The device of claim 19, wherein the first plane is different from the second plane.

21. The device of claim 20, wherein the first and second planes are orthogonal.

22. The device of claim 4, wherein the handle is fixed to the first member.

23. The device of claim 1, wherein the distal end of the tip comprises a plurality of surfaces.

24. The device of claim 23, wherein the distal end of the tip is substantially symmetrical.

25. The device of claim 24, wherein the distal end of the tip is substantially blunt.

26. The device of claim 1, wherein the tip is adapted to create a cavity in bone when the tip is inserted into bone and rotated about the longitudinal axis of the device.

27. The device of claim 1, wherein the tip comprises a bore for receiving the fastening element.

28. The device of claim 27, wherein the proximal end of tip is seated within the distal end of the first member.

29. The device of claim 1, wherein the second member is selectively movable from a first position to a second position.

30. The device of claim 29, wherein the second member is capable of displacing the proximal end of the tip to articulate the joint.

31. The device of claim 30, wherein the second member is not positively connected to the tip.

32. The device of claim 31, wherein the second member is capable of blocking articulation of the joint.

33. A method for creating a cavity in bone comprising:

creating a percutaneous passageway to the bone;

positioning a cannula into the bone to access an interior of the bone;

inserting the tip of the device of claim 1 through the cannula and into the interior of the bone;

pushing the tip out of alignment with the first member;

immobilizing the tip relative to the first member; and

moving the first member to create a cavity in the bone.

34. The method of claim 33, further comprising unlocking the tip and removing the first member and tip from the cavity.

35. The method of claim 33, further comprising sliding the cannula over a probe to contact the bone.

36. The method of claim 35, further comprising screwing the cannula into the bone.

37. The method of claim 36, further comprising clearing bony material from the cannula.

38. The method of claim 33, further comprising transporting materials into the cavity.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein transporting materials into the cavity comprises aspirating the cavity.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein transporting materials into the cavity comprises introducing a sealant into the cavity.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein transporting materials into the cavity comprises spraying the cavity with a medicament.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein transporting materials into the cavity comprises placing a filler material in at least a portion of the cavity.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of bone cement, autograft material, allograft material, and synthetic bone substitute.

44. The method of claim 42, wherein the filler material comprises a flowable material that sets to a hardened condition.

45. The method of claim 42, wherein the filler material comprises a medication.

46. The method of claim 33, further comprising rotating a collar attached to the first member to selectively push the hinged tip out of alignment with the first member.

47. The method of claim 46, further comprising counter rotating the collar to unlock the hinged tip.

48. A surgical instrument having a longitudinal axis for creating a cavity in bone, comprising:

first and second members having proximal and distal ends,

a handle adjoining the proximal end of the first member, the handle having a substantially fixed orientation with respect to the first member,

a tip having proximal and distal ends for creating a cavity in bone, and

a fastening element for securing the tip to the first member,

a portion of the first member, the tip, and the fastening element forming a joint,

wherein the joint is operatively associated with the second member to provide a first mode allowing the joint to articulate freely between an initial position and a fully deployed position, a second mode that substantially immobilizes the joint in the fully deployed position, and a third mode, wherein the second member blocks the tip from articulating freely between the initial position and the fully deployed position.