Boronic acid salts useful in parenteral formulations

• US 20040138175A1
• Filed: 09/09/2003
• Published: 07/15/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Paion Deutschland GmbH (PAION AG)
• Original Assignee: Trigen Limited
• Inventors: Deadman, John Joseph, Kennedy, Anthony James, Kakkar, Sanjay Kumar, Dolman, Mark, Combe-Marzelle, Sophie Marie, Madge, David Jonathan
• Granted Patent: US 7,371,729 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 514/64
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/00 Medicinal preparations containing peptides peptides containing beta-lactam rings A61K31/00; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, A61K31/00; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type A61K31/48; containing macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units A61K31/74; medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies A61K39/00; medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients, e.g. peptides as drug carriers, A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/00 Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/02 Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/00 Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 5/06078 and aromatic or cycloaliphatic
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 5/06191 containing heteroatoms different from O, S, or N

Abstract

Salts of a peptide boronic acid drug, for example of Cbz—(R)—Phe—(S)—Pro—(R)—Mpg—B(OH)₂. The counter-ion to the boronate may be an alkali metal or derived from a strongly basic organic nitrogen-containing compound.

Claims

1. A parenteral pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a boronic acid of formula (I):

2. The formulation of claim 1 wherein R⁹ is an alkoxyalkyl group.

3. The formulation of claim 1 wherein YCO—

comprises an amino acid residue which binds to the S2 subsite of thrombin, the amino acid residue being N-terminally linked to a moiety which binds the S3 subsite of thrombin.

4. The formulation of claim 1 wherein Y comprises a dipeptide which binds to the S3 and S2 binding sites of thrombin.

5. The formulation of claim 4 wherein the S3-binding amino acid residue is of (R)-configuration, the S2-binding residue is of (S)-configuration, and the fragment —

NHCH(R⁹)—

B(OH) is of (R)-configuration.

6. The formulation of claim 1 wherein R⁹ is an alkoxyalkyl group.

7. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the boronic acid has a Ki for thrombin of about 100 nM or less.

8. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the salt comprises a salt of the boronic acid with metal or a strongly basic organic nitrogen-containing compound.

9. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the salt comprises a salt of the boronic acid with an alkali metal, an aminosugar, a guanidine or an amine of formula (XI):

10. The formulation of claim 4 wherein the Y dipeptide is N-terminally protected or N-terminally unprotected, and the peptide linkages in the dipeptide are unsubstituted or independently N-substituted by a C₁-C₁₃ hydrocarbyl, wherein the C₁-C₁₃ hydrocarbyl contains no heteratoms or at least one in-chain or in-ring nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, and the C₁-C₁₃ hydrocarbyl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from halo, hydroxy and trifluoromethyl.

11. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the salt consists essentially of an acid salt in which one B—

OH group of formula (I), when trigonally represented, remains protonated.

12. The formulation of claim 9 wherein the salt comprises boronate ions derived from the peptide boronic acid and has a stoichiometry consistent with the boronate ions carrying a single negative charge.

13. The formulation of claim 6 wherein the salt consists essentially of a monosodium or monolithium salt of the boronic acid.

14. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9 which is adapted for intravenous administration.

25. A method of inhibiting thrombin in the prophylaxis or therapy of disease, comprising parenterally administering to a mammal suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, thrombosis a therapeutically effective amount of the salt defined in claim 1.

27. A method for making a salt of claim 1, comprising:

combining in a solvent diethanolamine and an ester of a boronic acid as defined in claim 1;

allowing or causing a precipitate to form and recovering the precipitate;

converting the precipitated material into the free organoboronic acid by contacting the precipitated material with an aqueous acid or base; and

reacting the organoboronic acid with a base of a pharmaceutically acceptable multivalent metal to form to a salt as defined in claim 1.

15. A formulation in parenteral dosage form comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a boronic acid of formula (II):

16. The formulation of claim 15 wherein aa¹ is selected from Phe, Dpa and wholly or partially hydrogenated analogues thereof.

17. The formulation of claim 16 wherein aa¹ is of R-configuration.

18. The formulation of claim 15 wherein aa² is a residue of an imino acid of formula (IV)

19. The formulation of claim 18 wherein aa² is of S-configuration.

20. The formulation of claim 15, wherein aa¹-aa² is (R)—

Phe—

(S)—

Pro and the fragment —

NH—

CH(R¹)—

B(OH)₂ is of R-configuration.

21. The formulation of claim 16 wherein the boronic acid is of formula (VIII):

X—

(R)—

Phe—

(S)—

Pro—

(R)—

Mpg—

B(OH)₂ 

 

(VIII),

wherein X is R⁶—

(CH₂)_p—

C(O)—

, R⁶—

(CH₂)_p—

S(O)₂—

, R⁶—

(CH₂)_p—

NH—

C(O)—

or R⁶—

(CH₂)_p—

O—

C(O)—

wherein p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and R⁶ is H or a 5 to 13-membered cyclic group which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halogen;

amino;

nitro;

hydroxy;

a C₅-C₆ cyclic group;

C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ alkyl containing, or linked to the cyclic group through, an in-chain O atom, the aforesaid alkyl groups optionally being substituted by a substituent selected from halogen, amino, nitro, hydroxy and a C₅-C₆ cyclic group.

22. The formulation of claim 16 wherein the salt comprises a salt of the boronic acid with an alkali metal, an aminosugar or an amine of formula (XI):

26. A method for preventing thrombosis in a haemodialysis circuit of a patient, for preventing a cardiovascular event in a patient with end stage renal disease, for preventing venous thromboembolic events in a patient receiving chemotherapy through an indwelling catheter, for preventing thromboembolic events in a patient undergoing a lower limb arterial reconstructive procedure, or for treating by way of therapy or prophylaxis an arterial disease selected from acute coronary syndromes, cerebrovascular thrombosis, peripheral arterial occlusion and arterial thrombosis resulting from atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, arterio-venous shunts, indwelling catheters or coronary stents, the method comprising parenterally administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the salt defined in claim 16.

23. A pharmaceutical product comprising a sealed container containing in the form of a finely divided solid, ready for reconstitution to form a liquid parenteral formulation, a therapeutically effective amount of a boronate salt which consists essentially of a single pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a boronic acid formula (II):

24. A pharmaceutical formulation adapted for parenteral administration, whether directly or after combining with a liquid, and comprising

a) a first species selected from a boronic acid of formula (I), and boronate ions of said boronic acid and equilibrium forms of said boronic acid and said boronate ions:

wherein

Y comprises a hydrophobic moiety which, together with the aminoboronic acid residue —

NHCH(R⁹)—

B(OH)₂, has affinity for the substrate binding site of thrombin; and

R⁹ is a straight chain alkyl group interrupted by one or more ether linkages and in which the total number of oxygen and carbon atoms is 3, 4, 5 or 6 or R⁹ is —

(CH₂)_m—

W where m is from 2, 3, 4 or 5 and W is —

OH or halogen; and

(b) a second species selected from pharmaceutically acceptable metal ions, said metal ions having a valency of n, lysine, arginine and aminosugars,

wherein the formulation has an observed stoichiometry of first to second species essentially consistent with a notional stoichiometry of 1;

1 when the second species is a metal ion with a valency of 1 or is lysine, arginine or an aminosugar, or an observed stoichiometry of n;

1 when the second species is a metal ion with a valency of greater than 1.

28. A medicament adapted for parenteral administration and comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a boronic acid which is a selective thrombin inhibitor and has a neutral aminoboronic acid residue capable of binding to the thrombin S1 subsite linked through a peptide linkage to a hydrophobic moiety capable of binding to the thrombin S2 and S3 subsites, the salt comprising a cation having a valency n and having an observed stoichiometry consistent with a notional stoichiometry (boronic acid:

cation) of n;

1.

29. A medicament of claim 28 wherein the boronic acid has a Ki for thrombin of about 100 nM or less.