Biosensor

• US 20040140209A1
• Filed: 10/31/2003
• Published: 07/22/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: i-SENS, Inc.
• Original Assignee: i-SENS, Inc.
• Inventors: Cui, Gang, Kim, Min-Sun, Nam, Hakhyun, Yoo, Jae-Hyun, Cha, Geun-Sig, Choi, Moon-Hee, Cho, Ho-Choll, Zhang, Fenghua
• Granted Patent: US 7,455,756 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 204/403.01
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3272 Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels optical biosensors G01N33/52
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5438 Electrodes

Abstract

A biosensor, for use in measurement of an analyte, includes a microporous membrane support, a first electrode system, a second electrode system, and a pair of insulating films. The first electrode system is formed on the surface of the microporous membrane support and the second electrode system is formed on the opposite surface of the microporous membrane support. The biosensor enables a rapid, simple, separation-free, and selective detection of the analytes. The biosensor does not require any bulky additional electrode, so that miniaturization, point-of-car testing, and disposability can be achieved.

Claims

1. A biosensor, comprising:

a microporous membrane support;

a first electrode system consisting of a working electrode on which biologically active materials are immobilized, a first electrode connector, and a first lead outlet;

a second electrode system consisting of a counter electrode, a second electrode connector and a second lead outlet; and

a pair of insulating films, covering surfaces of the first and second electrode systems except for the areas of the working electrode, the first electrode connector, the counter electrode and the second electrode connector,

wherein, the first electrode system is formed on the surface of the microporous membrane support and the second electrode system is formed on the opposite surface of the microporous membrane support,

wherein, the working electrode and the counter electrode are formed directly on the microporous membrane support, whereby the electrodes being microporous and allowing a sample to pass through the surface of the working electrode to the surface of the counter electrode.

2. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second electrode systems are made symmetrically of an electrically conductive material.

3. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second electrode systems are made asymmetrically of an electrically conductive material.

4. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first and second lead outlets and connectors are separated from each other.

5. The biosensors as set forth in claim 2 or 3, wherein the first and second insulating films contain separately formed electrical connectors, and wherein the symmetric or asymmetric double-sided electrodes are sandwiched between the insulating films and connected to the connectors of insulating films.

6. The biosensor as set forth in claim 2, wherein the electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, silver, silver chloride, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, palladium, osmium, carbon, copper, and mixtures thereof.

7. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, the microporous membrane support is made of a member selected from the group consisting of an organic polymer, inorganic polymer, natural fabrics or synthetic fibers, papers and ceramics.

8. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the microporous membrane support is the microporous nylon mesh.

9. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a thin film made of porous material through which a sample to be tested is introduced into the biosensor and an absorption pad which removes the introduced sample.

10. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the biologically active material is an enzyme.

11. The biosensor as set forth in claim 10, wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of glucose oxidase, glucose dehydronase, lactate oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, glutamate oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, alcohol oxidase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase.

12. The biosensor as set forth in claim 10, wherein the biologically active material is a combination of an enzyme with an electron transfer mediator.

13. The biosensor as set forth in claim 12, wherein the electron transfer mediator is selected from the group consisting of hexaamineruthenium (III) chloride, potassium ferricyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, dimethylferrocene, ferricinium, ferocene-monocarboxylic acid, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetrathiafulvalene, nickelocene, N-methylacidinium, tetrathiatetracene, N-methylphenazinium, hydroquinone, 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, 3-methyl-2-benzoithiozolinone, 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, 3-methyl-2-aminoantipyrin, dimethylaniline, 4-aminoantipyrene, 4-methoxynaphthol, 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine, 2,2-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate], o-dianisidine, o-toluidine, 2,4-dichloro phenol, 4-aminophenazone, benzidine, and Prussian blue.

14. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

a pad containing an enzyme-analyte conjugate or an enzyme-antibody conjugate (with or without protein stabilizers and buffering salts) on the top of the working electrode,

a pair of covers consisting of an upper cover having a hole and a lower cover having a hole.

15. The biosensor as set forth in claim 14, further comprising a pad containing the substrate(with or without protein stabilizers and buffering salts) below the counter electrode.

16. The biosensor as set forth in claims 14 or 15, further comprising a filter pad between the pad on the top of the working electrode and the upper cover.

17. The biosensors as set forth in claims 14, wherein a reservoir is formed in the lower cover, and connected via capillary with the hole of the lower cover.

18. The biosensor as set forth in claim 14, wherein the biologically active material is an antibody specific to a selected antigen.

19. The biosensor as set forth in claim 14, the confugated enzyme is selected from any reductase or oxidase enzymes.

20. The biosensor as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

a first chamber into which an enzyme-analyte conjugate or an enzyme-antibody conjugate and an analyte is placed; and

a second chamber into which a substrate for the enzyme is placed;

wherein, the microporous membrane onto which the first and second electrodes are formed is placed between said first and second chambers.