Lean reflux-high hydrocarbon recovery process

• US 20040148964A1
• Filed: 12/18/2003
• Published: 08/05/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lummus Technology Inc.
• Original Assignee: ABB Lummus Global Inc.
• Inventors: Foglietta, Jorge H., Patel, Sanjiv N.
• Granted Patent: US 7,069,744 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 62/620
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/005 Processes comprising at least two steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/04 by distillation
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/11 by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 5/04 with liquid absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 5/06 by cooling or compressing
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/04 in a dual pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/30 using a side column in a single pressure column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/70 Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/74 Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/76 Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/78 Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/12 Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/60 the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2235/60 the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/12 External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/60 Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/90 External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/40 : Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 : Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0219 : Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 : separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 : separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 : separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

A two-tower scheme process for the recovery of propane and heavier components from a hydrocarbon gas stream is provided. Feed gas is cooled, partially condensed, and then separated to give a first liquid stream and a first vapor stream. First liquid stream is sent to a distillation tower that recovers at the bottoms a major portion of propane and heavier components and produces an overhead gas stream. First vapor stream is expanded and sent as bottom feed to the absorber. Absorber produces an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all the ethane and lighter components and an absorber bottoms stream. Absorber bottoms stream is heated and sent to the distillation tower as middle feed. Absorber overhead stream is warmed and optionally compressed. A part of the compressed stream is substantially condensed and sent to absorber as top feed. The process and apparatus can be used to recover ethane and heavier hydrocarbons.

Claims

1. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream;

b. preheating at least a portion of the first liquid stream and then sending the portion of the first liquid stream to a distillation tower, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

c. cooling and partially condensing the tower overhead stream thereby producing a second vapor stream and a liquid hydrocarbon stream, the liquid hydrocarbon stream being sent to the distillation tower as a top feed;

d. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone as a bottom absorber feed stream thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

e. preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream into the distillation tower as a middle tower feed stream;

f. cooling and condensing at least a portion of the second vapor stream thereby forming a first lean reflux stream and sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber as an absorber top feed stream;

g. heating the absorber overhead stream, compressing, and discharging the absorber overhead stream as a residue gas stream; and

h. wherein the improvement comprises cooling and at least partially condensing the portion of the residue gas stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream and then sending the second lean reflux stream to the absorber column.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the improvement comprises sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber column at a feed location below that of the second lean reflux stream.

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the improvement comprises combining the first and second lean reflux streams prior to sending the streams to the absorber column.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the improvement comprises sending the second lean reflux stream to a top of the absorber column.

5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the steps of cooling the gas stream, preheating at least a portion of the first liquid stream, preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream, heating the absorber overhead stream, and cooling a portion of the residue gas stream are performed by providing heat exchange contact with a process stream selected from the group consisting of the absorber overhead stream, the absorber bottoms stream, the first liquid stream, the portion of the residue gas stream, the gas stream, an external refrigerant stream, and combinations thereof.

6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the step of sending the portion of the first liquid stream to the distillation tower includes sending the portion of the first liquid stream as a lower tower feed stream.

7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the steps of cooling and partially condensing the tower overhead stream include sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillation tower as a top tower feed stream.

8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the step of sending the first vapor stream to the absorber column includes sending the first vapor stream as a bottom absorber feed stream.

9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the step of sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to the distillation column includes sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream as a middle tower feed stream.

10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the steps of heating the absorber overhead stream, cooling a portion of the residue gas stream, cooling the tower overhead stream, and cooling at least a portion of the second vapor stream are performed by providing heat exchange contact with a process stream selected from the group consisting of the absorber overhead stream, the portion of the residue gas stream, the tower overhead stream, and the portion of the second vapor stream, and combinations thereof.

11. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream containing some lighter components;

b. preheating at least a portion of the first liquid and then sending the portion of the first liquid stream to a distillation tower, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

c. cooling and partially condensing the tower overhead stream thereby producing a second vapor stream and a liquid hydrocarbon stream;

d. sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillation tower;

e. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone as a bottom feed stream thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2, and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

f. preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream and directing the portion of the absorber bottoms stream into the distillation tower;

g. condensing at least a portion of the second vapor stream thereby forming a first lean reflux stream and sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber;

h. heating and compressing the absorber overhead stream to produce a residue gas stream; and

i. wherein the improvement comprises cooling and at least partially condensing a portion of the first vapor stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream and then sending the second lean reflux stream to the absorber column.

12. The process according to claim 11, wherein the improvement comprises sending the second lean reflux stream to a feed location located at least one mass transfer zone below that of the first lean reflux stream.

13. The process according to claim 11, wherein the improvement comprises sending the first lean reflux stream to a top of the absorber column.

14. The process according to claim 11, wherein the step of sending the portion of the first liquid stream to the distillation tower includes sending the portion of the first liquid stream to the distillation tower as a lower tower feed stream.

15. The process according to claim 11, wherein the step of sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillation tower includes sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillatino tower as a top feed stream.

16. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream containing some lighter components;

b. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone as a bottom feed stream thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

c. expanding at least the first liquid stream and feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber column 32;

d. preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to a distillation tower [make this a dependent claim—

as a bottom feed stream], the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

e. cooling and partially condensing the tower overhead stream thereby producing a second vapor stream and a liquid hydrocarbon stream, the liquid hydrocarbon stream being directed to the distillation tower as a top feed;

f. condensing at least a portion of second vapor stream thereby forming a first lean reflux stream and sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber column;

g. heating the absorber overhead stream, compressing, and discharging the absorber overhead stream as residue gas; and

h. wherein the improvement comprises cooling and at least partially condensing the portion of the residue gas thereby producing a second lean reflux stream and then sending the second lean reflux stream to the absorber column. Make sending to top of the absorber a dependent claim.

17. The process according to claim 16, wherein the improvement comprises sending the first lean reflux stream to a feed location below that of the second lean reflux stream.

18. The process according to claim 16, wherein the improvement comprises sending the first lean reflux stream to a top of the absorber column.

19. The process according to claim 16, wherein the step of feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber column 32 includes feed the first liquid stream to a feed location located below that of the expanded first vapor stream.

20. The process according to claim 16, wherein the step of sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to a distillation tower includes sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to the distillation tower as a bottom feed stream.

21. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream;

b. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

c. expanding at least the first liquid stream and feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber;

d. preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to a distillation tower, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

e. cooling and partially condensing the tower overhead stream thereby producing a second vapor stream and a liquid hydrocarbon stream;

f. sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillation tower [make this a dependent claim—

as a top feed];

g. condensing at least a portion of the second vapor stream thereby forming a first lean reflux stream and sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber column;

h. heating and compressing the absorber overhead stream to produce a residue gas stream; and

i. wherein an improvement comprises cooling and at least partially condensing a portion of the first vapor stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream and then sending the second lean reflux stream to the absorber column.

22. The process according to claim 21, wherein the improvement comprises sending the second lean reflux stream to a feed location located at least one mass transfer zone below that of the first lean reflux stream.

23. The process according to claim 21, wherein the improvement comprises sending the second lean reflux stream to a top of the absorber column.

24. The process according to claim 21, wherein the step of sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column includes sending the first vapor stream as a bottom feed stream.

25. The process according to claim 21, wherein the step of sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillation tower includes sending the liquid hydrocarbon stream to the distillation column as a top tower feed stream.

26. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream containing some lighter components;

b. preheating at least a portion of the first liquid and then sending the portion of the first liquid into a distillation tower as a lower tower feed stream, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

c. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

d. sending at least a portion of the tower overhead stream to the absorber column as a first lean reflux stream;

e. heating and compressing the absorber overhead stream to produce a residue gas stream; and

f. wherein an improvement comprises preheating a first portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the first portion of the absorber bottoms stream to the distillation tower, and sending a second portion of the absorber bottoms stream to the distillation tower.

27. The process according to claim 26, wherein the improvement further comprises sending the first portion of the absorber bottoms stream to a lower feed location that that of the second portion of the absorber bottoms stream.

28. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream containing some lighter components;

b. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

c. expanding at least the first liquid stream and feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber column[, below expanded first vapor stream feed location—

make this a dependent claim];

d. preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to a distillation tower, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

e. condensing at least a portion of a tower overhead stream and sending it to the absorber column as a first lean reflux stream;

f. heating the absorber overhead stream, compressing, and discharging the absorber overhead stream as a residue gas; and

g. wherein an improvement comprises preheating a first portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to the distillation tower, and sending a second portion of the absorber bottoms stream to the distillation tower.

29. The process according to claim 28, wherein the improvement further comprises sending the first portion of the absorber bottoms stream at a lower feed location than that of the second portion of the absorber bottoms stream.

30. The process according to claim 28, wherein the step of feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber column includes feeding the first liquid stream at a feed location located below that of the expanded first vapor stream.

31. The process according to claim 28, wherein the improvement further comprises cooling and at least partially condensing a portion of the residue gas stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream and then sending the second lean reflux stream to the absorber column.

32. The process according to claim 31, wherein the first lean reflux stream is introduced at a feed location located below that of the second lean reflux stream.

33. The process according to claim 31, wherein the second lean reflux stream is sent to a top of the absorber column.

34. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream containing some lighter components;

b. expanding the first vapor stream and sending the first vapor stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

c. expanding at least the first liquid stream and feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber column;

d. preheating at least a portion of the absorber bottoms stream and sending the portion of the absorber bottoms stream to a distillation tower, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

e. condensing at least a portion of the tower overhead stream and sending it to the absorber column as a first lean reflux stream;

f. heating and compressing the absorber overhead stream to produce a residue gas stream; and

g. wherein an improvement comprises cooling and at least partially condensing a portion of the first vapor stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream and then sending the second lean reflux stream to the absorber column.

35. The process according to claim 34, wherein the second lean reflux stream is sent to the absorber column at a feed location located at least one mass transfer zone below that of the first lean reflux stream.

36. The process according to claim 34, wherein the step of feeding the first liquid stream to the absorber column includes feeding the first liquid stream to a feed location located below that of the expanded first vapor stream.

37. The process according to claim 34, wherein the second lean reflux stream is sent to a top of the absorber column.

38. A process for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C2 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the process comprising the steps of:

a. supplying and cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream to produce a first vapor stream and at least a first liquid stream containing some lighter components;

b. sending the first liquid stream to a distillation tower, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C2 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

c. splitting the first vapor stream into a first separator overhead stream and a second overhead stream;

d. expanding and sending the first separator overhead stream to an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane and lighter components of the gas stream and an absorber bottoms stream;

e. cooling the second separator overhead stream and sending the second separator overhead stream to the absorber column;

f. heating and compressing the absorber overhead stream to produce a residue gas stream; and

g. wherein an improvement comprises condensing at least a portion of the tower overhead stream thereby producing a first lean reflux stream and sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber.

39. The process according to claim 38, wherein the improvement further includes sending the first lean reflux stream to the absorber to a feed location located below at least the first mass transfer zone.

40. The process according to claim 38, wherein the step of cooling the gas stream includes cooling at least a portion of the gas stream by heat exchange contact with at least one tower side stream thereby heating the at least one tower side stream prior to being sent back to the distillation column.

41. An apparatus for separating a gas stream containing methane, C2 and C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons into a volatile gas fraction containing substantially all of the methane and C2 components and a less volatile fraction containing a large portion of C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons, the apparatus comprising:

a. a first exchanger for performing a process step selected from the group consisting of cooling a gas stream to partially condense at least a portion of the gas stream, preheating at least a portion of a first liquid stream, preheating at least a portion of an absorber bottoms stream, heating the absorber overhead stream, cooling and at least partially condensing the portion of the residue gas stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream, and combinations thereof;

b. a first separator for separating the gas stream into a first vapor stream and at least the first liquid stream;

c. a distillation tower for receiving the portion of the first liquid stream as a lower tower feed stream and for receiving a portion of an absorber bottoms stream as a middle tower feed stream, the distillation tower producing a tower overhead stream containing mainly methane and C2 components and a tower bottoms stream containing a majority of the C3 components and heavier hydrocarbons;

d. a second exchanger for performing a process step selected from the group consisting of cooling the tower overhead stream thereby producing a second vapor stream and a liquid hydrocarbon stream, cooling and condensing at least a portion of the second vapor stream thereby forming a first lean reflux stream, heating the absorber overhead stream, cooling and at least partially condensing the portion of the residue gas stream thereby producing a second lean reflux stream

e. an expander for expanding the first vapor stream;

f. an absorber column having at least one mass transfer zone for receiving the first vapor stream as a bottom absorber feed stream the first lean reflux stream as an absorber top feed stream, and the second lean reflux stream, the absorber column thereby producing an absorber overhead stream containing essentially all methane, C2 and lighter components of the gas stream and the absorber bottoms stream; and

g. a compressor for compressing the absorber overhead stream to produce a residue gas stream.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, including a second separator for separating the tower overhead stream into a second vapor stream and a liquid hydrocarbon stream.

43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the absorber comprises at least one mass transfer zone.

44. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the absorber comprises more than one mass transfer zone.

45. The apparatus of claim 41, further comprising a third exchanger for performing a process step selected from the group consisting of cooling at least a portion of the gas stream, warming at least one tower reboiler side stream, and combinations thereof.