Methods and systems for controlling and/or increasing iontophoretic flux
First Claim
1. An iontophoretic method for selectively transporting a compound of interest through a localized region of an individual'"'"'s body tissue, wherein the localized region exhibits an electrical resistance less than 100 kΩ
- -cm2 the method comprising;
(a) placing a permselective material in ion-conducting relation to the localized region, wherein the permselective material is capable of hindering iontophoretic transport of a competing ion that reduces transference efficiency of the compound of interest; and
(b) applying an electrical current through the permselective material to the localized region, thereby transporting the compound of interest iontophoretically through the localized region while hindering iontophoretic transport of the competing ion.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An iontophoretic method is provided to selectively transport a compound of interest through a localized region of an individual'"'"'s body tissue that exhibits a low electrical resistance and/or a high permeability. The method involves placing a permselective material, typically having a resistance comparable or higher than the resistance of the localized region, in ion-conducting relation to the localized region. An electrical current is then applied through the permselective material to the localized region, thereby transporting the compound of interest iontophoretically through the localized region. When the permselective material is capable of hindering iontophoretic transport of a competing ion, the transference efficiency of the compound of interest is increased during iontophoresis. As a result, the compound of interest is delivered into or extracted from the localized region at an enhanced rate. As transport efficiencies approach unity, absolute predictivity of transport also becomes possible. Also provided are electrode assemblies and iontophoretic systems capable of carrying out the iontophoretic method.
41 Citations
78 Claims
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1. An iontophoretic method for selectively transporting a compound of interest through a localized region of an individual'"'"'s body tissue, wherein the localized region exhibits an electrical resistance less than 100 kΩ
- -cm2 the method comprising;
(a) placing a permselective material in ion-conducting relation to the localized region, wherein the permselective material is capable of hindering iontophoretic transport of a competing ion that reduces transference efficiency of the compound of interest; and
(b) applying an electrical current through the permselective material to the localized region, thereby transporting the compound of interest iontophoretically through the localized region while hindering iontophoretic transport of the competing ion. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. An iontophoretic electrode assembly for selectively transporting a compound of interest through a localized region of an individual'"'"'s body tissue, wherein the localized region exhibits an electrical resistance that corresponds to a tissue permeability that exceeds the permeability of the individual'"'"'s unpermeabilized skin tissue, the electrode assembly comprising:
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an electrode adapted for electrical connection to a current source; and
a permselective material in ion-conducting relation to the electrode and having a surface adapted for contact with the localized region, wherein the permselective material has an electrical resistance greater than the electrical resistance of the localized region and is capable of hindering iontophoretic transport of a competing ion that reduces transference efficiency of the compound of interest when the material is in contact with the localized region. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)
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67. An iontophoretic system for selectively transporting a compound of interest through a localized region of an individual'"'"'s body tissue, comprising:
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a permselective material capable of selectively hindering iontophoretic transport of a competing ion when the material is in contact with the localized region, wherein transport of the competing ion reduces transference efficiency of the compound of interest;
a first electrode adapted to be placed in ion-conducting relation through the permselective material to the localized region to allow iontophoretic transport of the compound therethrough;
a second electrode adapted to contact the individual'"'"'s body and spaced apart from the first electrode; and
a current source electrically connected to the first and second electrodes, for applying an electrical current to the localized region of body tissue to transport the compound of interest iontophoretically through the localized region; and
a means for permeabilizing the localized region such that the permselective material has an electrical resistance greater than the electrical resistance of the localized region after permeabilization by the means for permeabilizing the localized region. - View Dependent Claims (68, 69, 70)
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71. An iontophoretic system for selectively transporting a compound of interest through a localized region of an individual'"'"'s body tissue, comprising:
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a permselective material capable of hindering iontophoretic transport of a competing ion when the material is in contact with the localized region, wherein transport of the competing ion reduces transference efficiency of the compound of interest;
a first electrode adapted to be placed in ion-conducting relation through the permselective material with the localized region to allow iontophoretic transport of the compound therethrough;
a second electrode adapted to contact the individual'"'"'s body tissue and spaced apart from the first electrode; and
an alternating current source electrically connected to the first and second electrodes, for applying an alternating current to the localized region to transport the compound of interest iontophoretically through the localized region. - View Dependent Claims (72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78)
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Specification