Integrated electromagnetic navigation and patient positioning device

• US 20040199072A1
• Filed: 04/01/2003
• Published: 10/07/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/2003
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Surgical Navigation Technologies, Inc. (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Surgical Navigation Technologies, Inc. (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Clayton, Brad, Sprouse, Stacy, Hunter, Mark W.
• Application Number:
  US10/405,068
• Publication Number:
  US 20040199072A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/424
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/2255 Means for positioning patient, shock wave apparatus or locating means, e.g. mechanical aspects, patient beds, support arms, aiming means positioning of patients for radiation diagnosis A61B6/04; positioning of locating means inside shock wave apparatus A61B17/2256
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2072 Reference field transducer attached to an instrument or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/256 having a database of accessory information, e.g. including context sensitive help or scientific articles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/365 augmented reality, i.e. correlating a live optical image with another image
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/06 Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies for removing same A61B17/50 ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/062 using magnetic field
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/04 Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like operating tables A61G13/00; operating chairs A61G15/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/0421 with immobilising means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/12 Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/14 Fixators for body parts, e.g. skull clamps; Constructional details of fixators, e.g. pins
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/0054 specially adapted for back or spinal surgeries
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/0063 specially adapted for knee surgeries
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/0081 specially adapted for hip surgeries
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/12 Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces rests for the surgeon A61B90/60; restraining devices A61F5/37
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/121 Head or neck
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/1245 Knees, upper or lower legs
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 13/1285 : having modular surface parts, e.g. being replaceable or turnable
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 2200/322 : lateral
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 2200/325 : prone
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 7/065 : Rests specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 7/0755 : for the legs or feet

Abstract

A patient positioning device used to position a patient during a navigated medical procedure includes a contoured patient support and a portion of a navigation system. The contoured patient support positions the patient in a desired manner. The portion of the navigation system is integrated within the patient support, such that the navigated medical procedure may be performed in a substantially unobstructed manner.

Claims

1. A patient positioning device to position a patient during a navigated medical procedure, said patient positioning device comprising:

a contoured patient support operable to position the patient in a desired manner; and

a portion of a navigation system integrated within said patient support, wherein the navigated medical procedure may be performed in a substantially unobstructed manner.

2. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said navigation system is an electromagnetic navigation system.

3. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 2 wherein said portion of said electromagnetic navigation system is a coil array.

4. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 3 wherein said coil array is a transmitting coil array operable to generate an electromagnetic field in a patient space.

5. The patent positioning device as defined in claim 3 wherein said coil array is a receiving coil array operable to receive an electromagnetic field.

6. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 3 wherein said coil array is removably positioned within said contoured patient support.

7. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 6 wherein said removable coil array is configured within a housing operable to be removably positioned within said contoured patient support.

8. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 6 wherein said contoured patient support defines a recess operable to removably receive said removable coil array.

9. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 8 further comprising a second contoured patient support operable to position the patient in a second desired manner, said second contoured patient support defining a second recess where said second recess is substantially the same size as said recess in said contoured patient support and operable to removably receive said removable coil array.

10. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is positioned atop an operating room table.

11. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is formed integral with an operating table.

12. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is attached to an operating table.

13. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is adjustable.

14. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is operable to position a patient in a desired manner to perform a surgery selected from a group comprising spinal, knee, abdominal, hip, leg, arm, cranial, cardiovascular, facial and pelvic.

15. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is operable to position the patient in a prone position.

16. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 3 wherein said coil array is formed integral within said contoured patient positioning device in a non-removable manner.

17. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 3 further comprising a coil array controller operable to control the driving of individual coils positioned within said coil array.

18. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 17 further comprising an imaging device operable to generate image data of the patient.

19. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 18 wherein said imaging device is selected from a group comprising a C-arm fluoroscopic imager, a magnetic resonance imager (MRI), a computed tomography (CT) imager, and a positron emission tomography (PET) imager, an isocentric fluoroscopy imager, a bi-plane fluoroscopy imager, an ultrasound imager, a multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) imager, a high-frequency ultrasound (HIFU) imager, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imager, an intra-vascular ultrasound imager (IVUS), a 2D, 3D or 4D ultrasound imager, an intra-operative CT imager, an intra-operative MRI imager, and a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) imager.

20. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 18 further comprising an instrument operable to be navigated by said electromagnetic navigation system and operable to be superimposed on said image data from said imaging device onto a display to navigate said instrument during the navigated medical procedure.

21. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is radiolucent.

22. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is formed of a support foam material.

23. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 22 wherein said support foam is overlaid on a support frame.

24. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 2 wherein said contoured patient support is substantially non-interfering with said electromagnetic navigation system.

25. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 1 wherein said contoured patient support is formed from an adjustable top of an OR table.

26. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 25 wherein said adjustable top includes at least one hinge to adjust an orientation of said top.

27. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 25 wherein said adjustable top is flexible.

28. A patient positioning system to position a patient during a navigated medical procedure, said patient positioning system comprising:

a first contoured patient support having a first shape and operable to position the patient with said first shape, said first contoured patient support defining a first recess;

a second contoured patient support having a second shape and operable to position the patient with said second shape, said second contoured patient support defining a second recess, wherein said first recess is substantially the same as said second recess, whereby a portion of a navigation system may be selectively received within each of said first and second recesses.

29. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 28 wherein said navigation system is an electromagnetic navigation system and said portion of said electromagnetic navigation system is a coil array.

30. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 29 wherein said coil array is positioned within a housing and said housing is removably received selectively within one of said first and second recesses.

31. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 28 wherein said first shape is different from said second shape.

32. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 30 wherein said housing is selected from a group of shapes comprising rectangular, triangular, round, square, hexagon, elliptical, octagon, U-shaped and polygon.

33. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 28 wherein said first and second recesses are defined by a cutout region on an underside of said first contoured patient support and said second contoured patient support, respectively.

34. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 28 wherein said first contoured patient support has a first size and said second contoured patient support has a second size, wherein said first shape is substantially the same as said second shape and said first size is different from said second size.

35. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 34 wherein said first shape and said second shape are a substantially arcuate shape.

36. The patient positioning system as defined in claim 29 further comprising a coil array controller operable to drive each coil in said coil array, an imaging device operable to obtain image date of the patient, and an instrument operable to be navigated with said electromagnetic navigation system and further operable to be superimposed on said image date and displayed on a display.

37. A patient positioning device to position a patient during a navigated medical procedure, said patient positioning device comprising:

means for supporting the patient in a contoured manner; and

means for receiving a portion of a navigation system within said means for supporting the patient, wherein the navigated medical procedure may be performed in a substantially unobstructed manner.

38. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said means for supporting the patient includes a support structure having a desired shape to support the patient in said contoured manner.

39. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said means for receiving a portion of a navigation system includes a recess formed in said means for supporting the patient.

40. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 39 wherein said recess removably receives said portion of said navigation system.

41. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 39 wherein said recess non-removably receives said portion of said navigation system.

42. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said portion of said navigation system is a coil array.

43. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 42 wherein said coil array is formed from three sets of orthogonal coils.

44. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said means for supporting the patient is removably positioned atop an operating table.

45. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said means for supporting the patient is formed integral with an operating table.

46. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said means for supporting the patient is attached to an operating table.

47. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 37 wherein said means for supporting the patient includes a U-shaped support clamp.

48. The patient positioning device as defined in claim 47 wherein said U-shaped support clamp includes said means for receiving a portion of the navigation system.