Apparatus and a method for constructing underground curved multisectional stratum and wall

• US 20040208710A1
• Filed: 05/10/2004
• Published: 10/21/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2000
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Natalia Shreider, Vladimir Anatol Shreider
• Original Assignee: Natalia Shreider, Vladimir Anatol Shreider
• Inventors: Shreider, Natalia, Shreider, Vladimir Anatol
• Application Number:
  US10/841,997
• Publication Number:
  US 20040208710A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 405/267
• CPC Class Codes: E02F 5/103 with oscillating or vibrating digging tools
• CPC Class Codes: E02F 5/14 Component parts for trench excavators, e.g. indicating devices travelling gear chassis, supports, skids

Abstract

An apparatus and a method for constructing an underground curved and narrow multisectional structure, stratum and wall horizontally and vertically extending in a multihole excavation, trench and gallery being formed in the ground that utilizing a movable chassis, a framework arranged thereon and including upper frame, a slip tiltable and a pulling and pushing means that can be coupled between the frame and forming means. A set of elongate forming means is provided downward and upward separately movable relative to the framework. These forming means have a supporting motive means, a means for making alternately holes ahead of the motive means, along the length of a transversal cross-section of the excavation and adjacent closely together in a horizontal advancing direction and serve to alternately form, empty and fill up the holes with materials and to advance the chassis by the pulling means. These motive means are provided with an extensible motive frame of an equi-curvilinear, circular cylindrical or helical or plane, rectangular or trapezoidal shape or a chain of a plurality of shortened units connected in consecutive order for movement about pivotal axes perpendicular to the central longitudinal axes of the adjacent units, a means for supporting and guiding an adjacent forming means for movement that extending along the length of the frame or units, a means for directing the excavation of an adjacent hole that can be engaged with the supporting and guiding means of a forming means supported by the walls of a hole formed previously, hole walls-supporting members which can be expanded outwardly and shifted individually or in groups by means of rams coupled between the frame or units and the members. These means for making equi-curvilinear excavation comprise an endless chain cutter provided with cutting and driving endless chain and a driving chain wheel located within a hole being formed or an end-and-face mill cutter provided with cutter barrels which can be rotated about axes crossing the advancing direction and reciprocated along the axes by means of a drive means or a wedge-shaped cutter and can move the equi-curved frame against and to compress the facial wall of the structure being formed. The making means for directing and forming an initial curvilinear excavation section comprises a number of directing cutters capable of forcing the facial wall of an excavated section being formed in the crossing direction to force the front unit from its position toward the diverged direction and control the direction of the hole by means of the activating and drive means. There are an one wedge- or a two wedges-shaped cutter connected to the front unit for movement about the intended pivotal axis by means of a drive means within the excavated section or rams or a number of wedges-shaped cutter which can be shifted individually or in groups by means of rams coupled between the front unit and the cutters or the end-and-face mill barrel cutters which can be reciprocated and rotated in intended directions. The directing means comprise directing members supported by the front and a number of units motionless or for transversal movement by means of a drive means coupled between the unit and the member. The supporting and guiding means is formed by portions of the motive means that can engage the directing members.

Claims

1. An apparatus for constructing an underground curved and horizontally and vertically extending multisectional structure in a multihole excavation being formed in the ground, the apparatus comprises:

a chassis means supporting a means for forming the structure and supplying power and materials to the structure forming means, the chassis means being movable along the length of a horizontally extending structure line and stoppable on structure section lines crossing the structure line;

a number of the means for forming sections of the structure in adjacent holes excavated in the ground to a predetermined depth and distance, where each of the forming means comprises a longitudinally displaceable elongate and extensible motive means for guiding and supporting components of the forming means, a means for making excavated sections of the holes to excavate holes sections ahead of the motive means, a means located within an excavated section for supporting and guiding the adjacent from the front, relative to the direction of advancement of the multihole excavation, forming means for advancement of a next front hole, where each of several of the forming means comprises a means inserted into the next excavated hole section for directing the next hole that is able to force the forming means from its position toward an intended advancing direction of the next hole relative to the supporting and guiding means of the forming means being supported by the surrounded walls of the rear hole section excavated previously and control the direction of the advancement of the next hole, and is adapted to be disposed in a working position and extended into the ground up to a predetermined depth and distance toward and in the intended advancing direction to excavate and form the walls of an excavated section being formed along the length of the structure section line to lay the materials into the formed excavation;

a connecting framework means mounted on the chassis means and adapted to assemble, disassemble and connect the forming means together and to the chassis means and to dispose and advance the forming means in an intended advancing direction, the framework means comprises a number of carrier members that are forced into engagement with the motive means of the forming means.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the supporting and guiding means comprises directing means-supporting and guiding members arranged along the intended length of and secured on a front portion of the motive means capable of being supported by the walls of the rear excavated section, where each of the members is capable of being connected engagely for longitudinal movement to and interacting with the directing means of the adjacent from the front forming means to urge the front forming means in a direction crossing the central longitudinal axis of the next excavated section toward the intended advancing direction and has directing means-supporting and guiding portions for forcing the directing means in the crossing direction, where the portions being engageable with the directing means and operable to move the next forming means with the directing means relative to the walls of the rear hole section excavated previously and being forced toward the direction by an activating means capable of forcing the directing means against the supporting and guiding portions, their motive means and the walls.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the directing means comprises a number of hole sections-directing members supported by a rear portion of the forming means, where each of the members is capable of being connected for longitudinal movement to and forced into interaction with the supporting and guiding means of the adjacent from behind forming means being supported by the walls of an adjacent from behind excavated section to urge the forming means in a direction crossing the central longitudinal axis of the front excavated section being formed toward the intended advancing direction and has a backward oriented, excavation-directing portion for forcing the supporting and guiding means of the forming means in a direction crossing the central longitudinal axis of the front excavated section being formed toward the intended advancing direction and has a backward oriented, excavation-directing portion for forcing the supporting and guiding means in the crossing direction, where the portions are operable to move the front forming means, with the directing members, relative to the supporting and guiding means and the walls being forced toward the direction by an activating means capable of forcing the portions against the supporting and guiding means and the walls.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the supporting and guiding means is able to serve for directing the emptying of the formed holes and force the forming means that empties the hole from its position toward an intended emptying direction and control the direction of the emptying of the hole relative to the directing means of the adjacent from the front forming means that being supported by the walls of the excavated hole section and is able to serve for supporting and guiding the adjacent from behind forming means to empty the holes.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the motive means of each of the number of the forming means that comprises an equally-curved motive frame member having the central longitudinal surface shaped into the intended cross-section of the structure that is to be formed of the intended constant curvature, the frame member is able to force the equally-curved side walls of a hole section being formed and control the direction of the advancement of the hole section within the surface when being forced into interaction with the walls to urge the forming means in a direction crossing the central longitudinal axis of the excavated section toward the intended advancing direction and has excavation-directing portions for forcing the walls in the crossing direction, where the portions are operable to move the forming means, with the motive member, relative to the walls being forced toward the direction by an activating means capable of forcing the portions against the walls.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the making means is able to force the frame member from its position toward and against front and rear, relative to the direction of advancement of the multihole excavation, end walls of a hole section and the working front facial wall of the structure being formed and control the direction of the advancement of the hole, compression and formation of the walls, where the frame member has front and rear end portions for forcing the end and structure walls in the crossing direction and the making means comprises a number of hole sections-making, directing, and the end and facial walls-compressing and forming members, where each of the members is capable of being forced into interaction with the working end facial wall of the excavated hole section being formed to urge the forming means in a direction crossing the axis within the central longitudinal surface of the forming means and toward the end and structure walls and has hole section facial wall-cutting, hole-directing, and hole end and structure walls-compressing portions for forcing the facial wall in the crossing direction, where the portions are remote from the carrier member, capable to control the force, direction, and disposal of deformation of the facial wall of the excavated hole section being formed and operable to move the forming means, with the making members, relative to the facial wall being forced toward and against the end and structure walls by an activating means of the apparatus capable of forcing the portions against the facial wall and moving the forming means about the connection the forming means and the carrier member into intended positions in the excavation and to compress the hole end and structure facial walls to form the structure.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the making means comprises a number of endless chain cutter means that are located ahead of the frame member and oriented across the direction of advancement of the excavated section, where each of the cutter means comprises an elongate member for guiding and supporting components of the cutter means, a number of pair of endless chain sprockets supported on shafts rotatably connected to the ends of the guiding and supporting member, endless chains extending around the pair of the chain sprockets, a plurality of face wall-cutting, hole-directing and end walls-compacting portions arranged on the endless chains to form the endless chain cutter members, where each of several of the cutter means has a chain driving wheel on the frame member and a drive means for effecting rotation of the driving wheel relative to the frame member in intended directions so that the cutting chains of the latter cutter means that are capable of rotating the chain sprockets of the rest chain cutter means with the shafts.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the making means comprises a number of barrels disposed in groups in end-to-end relationship, a member for guiding and supporting the barrels for movement about and along the longitudinal axis of the barrel that is located between the barrels and mounted on a saddle supported by a front wall and ahead of the motive means for relative movement in a direction along the axes of the barrels that crossing the advancing direction, a plurality of face wall-cutting, hole-directing and end walls-compressing portions arranged on the end and facial shell portions of the barrels at the acute cutting angle relative to the axis of the barrel, where the vertex is oriented toward the wall that is to be compressed, to form cutting, directing, and compressing end-and-face mill cutter means, a drive means located within the excavated section to effect the relative movement between the barrels and the motive means in the intended directions.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the making means comprises a wedge-shaped cutter member that is disposed at the acute cutting angle with the vertex located on the compacting end wall of the frame member and has forward oriented, wedge-shaping, cutting, hole-directing, and hole end walls and structure facial wall-compressing portions for forcing the hole facial wall, that are operable by the activating means for effecting disposal in working positions and advancement of the cutter member.

10. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the motive frame members have a forward oriented, relative to the advancing direction, acute angle shape and are capable of compressing the outside and end hole walls and supporting the surrounded hole walls, where each of the frame members has a front, relative to the advancing directions of the hole and the multihole excavation, angle-shaping end portion for supporting and guiding a wedge-shaped cutting means, a rear angle-shaping end portion for supporting and guiding the directing means, an external side wall for compressing the external side hole wall, where the cutting means is able to force the directing means with the motive means from its position toward and against the guiding and supporting means of the forming means being adjacent from behind in the formed hole section to facilitate the engaging connection the directing means and the guiding and supporting means and compress the outside walls of the adjacent holes and the rear end hole wall, and is capable of being interacted with the directing means of the next in turn forming means to urge the next forming means in a direction crossing the central longitudinal axis of the excavated section toward the intended direction of advancement of the multihole excavation and serving to support and guide the next forming means with the directing means for extending into the ground and to direct the motive means for emptying a formed hole section and has forward, relative to the advancing directions of the hole and the excavation, oriented, angle-shaping cutting, outside and rear end hole walls-compressing, an adjacent forming means-supporting and guiding, hole emptying-directing portions for forcing the facial hole wall in the crossing advancing directions, where the portions have the ability to control the force and direction of deformation of the facial wall of the excavated section being formed and are operable to move the forming means, with the cutting means, to the facial wall being forced, in the advancing directions and compress the outside excavation wall and the facial structure wall.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the motive means consists of a plurality of motive frame link members, the making means and the frame link members are connected in consecutive order, relative to the advancing direction of a hole, for movement about axes within the central longitudinal surfaces and crossing the longitudinal axes of the adjacent members with the ability to interact with the surrounded walls of the hole to urge the members in a lateral direction in the formation of the excavated section, where each of the members has portions for forcing the hole walls in the crossing direction, where the portions are operable by the activating means to move the members about the axes in order to move the members along the length of the section.

17. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of hole side wall-supporting members that are relatively movable in the advancing direction and have the ability to be expanded and outwardly forced into compressive engagement with the surrounded walls being supported by the member to immobilize the side wall-supporting member relative to the walls.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the side wall-supporting members have side wall-supporting portions reciprocately movable in transversal direction that are capable to compressively engage the walls of the excavated section and are operable to expand the supporting member for immobilizing the member relative to the walls by an activating means capable to outwardly move the portions to engage the walls and move the portions relative to the adjacent member.

19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the forming means further comprises conduits for transmission of power and signals to the components and letting the materials into a formed hole section that are with the ability of being forced into connection with a means for supplying power, signals, and the materials and extending from the framework means along the motive means up to the making means and having branched ends at intended places of the forming means.

12. A means for making excavation sections, the making means is able to force a front motive member for supporting the making means from its position toward the intended advancing direction and control the direction of advancement of the excavation and comprises a number of excavation-directing and making members, where each of the directing and making members is capable of being forced into interaction with the facial wall of the excavated section being formed to urge the front motive member in a direction crossing the central longitudinal axis of the excavated section toward the intended advancing direction and control the direction of the excavated section and has excavation-directing and making portions for forcing the facial wall in the crossing direction, where the portions have the ability to control the force, direction and disposal of deformation of the wall of the excavated section and operable to move the motive members, with the directing and making members, to the wall being forced toward the direction by an activating means capable of forcing the portions against the wall and relative to the motive member.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the directing and making means comprises a number of barrels disposed in groups in end-to-end relationship, a frame member for guiding and supporting the barrels for movement about and along the longitudinal axis of the barrel that is located between the barrels and mounted on a saddle supported by and ahead of the front motive frame member for relative movement in a direction along the axes of the barrels that crossing the advancing direction of the hole, a plurality of cutting portions arranged on the end and facial shell portions of the barrels to form an end-and-face mill cutter members, a drive means located within the excavated section to effect the relative movement in intended directions between the end-and-face mill cutter members and the frame member.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the directing and making means comprises a cutter member having a number of paired and forward oriented, wedge-shaping, cutting, and hole-directing portions and a backward oriented cutter-directing foot tail portion being supported by a conjugated step-bearing portion of the front motive frame member for longitudinal and relative turning movement about a number of intended axes crossing the central longitudinal axes of the members, a drive means located within the excavated section to effect the rotation of the cutter member about the axes and relative to the frame member, where the drive means comprises a means for providing motive power that is supported on the frame member and a number of output members connected to the directing portion pivotally and remotely from the axis of the turning movement and displaceable about the axis.

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the directing and making means comprises a number of longitudinally displaceable directing and making cutter members and a motive frame member for supporting and guiding the members, where each of the cutter members has a forward oriented, wedge-shaping, cutting, and hole-directing portions with the vertex crossing the central longitudinal axis of the directing and making means and a double-acting piston and cylinder unit located in the motive frame member to effect the relative movement between the frame member and the cutter member to effect direction-controlling advancement of adjacent in bunch order hole sections.

16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the directing and making means comprises a number of disk members supported by a front motive frame link member for rotation about their longitudinal central axes, where a number of the disk members are located co-axially the central longitudinal axis of the directing and making means and a number of the disk members are located behind and protruded with lesser part aside of the central disk members and each of the members has forward oriented ground-cutting mill portions arranged on the end face of the member, and the drive means for effecting the rotation of the members relative to the motive frame member in intended directions to effect direction-controlling advancement of the adjacent in bunch order hole sections.

20. A method for continuous advancement of a curvilinear and narrow multihole excavation used in the construction of an underground multisectional structure, the method utilizing an apparatus for constructing an underground curvilinear and narrow horizontally and vertically extending multisectional structure in a multihole excavation being formed in the ground, the apparatus comprises a movable chassis means, a means for forming directionally a first hole section of the excavation, a means for forming directedly a plurality of adjacent hole sections of the excavation, each of the means for forming comprises a means for making hole sections, a motive means for guiding and supporting components of the forming means that being capable to be supported by the surrounded walls of the hole section, a means for supporting and guiding the directed forming means that is secured frontally, relative to the direction of advancement of the excavation, on and along the intended length of the motive means, a means for directing hole sections that is secured on the lower and rear end of each of the directed forming means, a framework means for connecting the chassis means to each of the forming means and to dispose and advance the forming means in an intended advancing direction that comprises a carrier member that is forced into engagement with the motive means of each of the forming means and comprising the following steps:

(a) operating an activating means of the apparatus that moves the chassis means along an structure line, stops the chassis means on a first hole section line, and inserts the means for forming directionally hole sections of the excavation at a working position into the ground up to a predetermined depth and distance in the hole and in the intended advancing direction along the first section line so that the directionally forming means forms the first intended hole section of the excavation and being supported by the surrounded walls of the section;

(b) operating the activating means to insert the means for making hole sections, that being part of the directed forming means, at a working position on a next hole section line into the ground to a predetermined depth and distance in an adjacent next excavated hole section of the excavation and in an intended advancing direction so that the means for making forms the portion of the next hole section, the direction of the hole diverges from the formed hole section;

(c) operating the activating means to move the motive means of the directed forming means in the intended advancing direction to cause the making means and the motive means to excavate the next section;

(d) operating the activating means to move the means of the directed forming means for directing hole sections, that is disposed in an operating position, into connection with the supporting and guiding means of the directionally forming means being in the first formed section and supported by the walls of the formed section and inserting into the next excavated section being formed to force the guiding and supporting means at the directing means in a direction opposite of the diverged direction to cause the directing means and the directed motive means to be forced toward the formed section so to advance the next section closely and join to the formed section and materials of the structure to be let into the formed sections.

21. The method according to claim 20, further utilizing an embodiment of the apparatus for constructing an underground equally curved and narrow multisectional structure in an equally-curved multihole excavation being formed in the ground, where the embodiment comprises the analogous means adapted to use the forming means comprising a motive frame member and a guiding and supporting means shaped into an equally curved cross-section of the excavation and comprising the following steps of advancement of a first equally curved hole section of the excavation:

(e) operating an activating means of the embodiment to move the equally curved guiding and supporting frame member of the forming means in the intended advancing direction to cause the making means to excavate the section of the hole along the hole line, the direction of the hole diverges from the advancing direction and is determined;

(f) operating the activating means to move the frame member to force the walls of the excavated hole at the frame member in a direction opposite of the diverged direction to cause the frame member to be forced in the diverged direction so to advance the hole in the diverged direction.

22. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the following steps of directing advancement of the first curvilinear hole section of the excavation:

(g) operating the activating means to insert the means for making at the working position into the ground to a predetermined depth and distance in the hole and in an intended advancing direction so that the means for making forms the section of the hole along the first hole section line, the direction of the hole diverges from the central longitudinal axis of the section and is determined;

(h) operating the activating means to move a motive means that consists of a plurality of shortened frame link members connected in consecutive order, relative to the advancing direction, for movement about axes preferably perpendicular to the central longitudinal axes of the adjacent members, in the intended advancing direction to cause the making means to excavate the section;

(i) operating the activating means to move the making means to force the working end facial wall of the excavated hole section being formed in a direction opposite of the diverged advancing direction to cause the motive means to be forced by the making means toward the diverged direction so to advance the hole in the diverged direction. diverged direction so to advance the hole in the diverged direction.

23. The method according to claim 20, utilizing a number of the directed forming means and the directing means movable relative to the motive means and comprising the following steps:

(j) operating an activating means of the directed forming means located in a front, relative to the direction of advancement the excavation, formed hole section to move the directing means relative to the motive means from the operative position into an inoperative position to cause the directing means to be forced out of the connection with the supporting and guiding means of an adjacent from behind forming means located in a rear formed hole section so to allow the rear forming means to move in an intended returning direction to empty the rear section;

(k) operating the activating means to insert a baffle means for forming the working front facial wall of the structure, the baffle means is substantially similar in construction to the motive means of the directed forming means, at a working position into the front formed hole section up to a predetermined depth in the front hole to lay the materials into the rear formed section to form the structure;

(l) operating the activating means to move the rear forming means in the returning direction of emptying the rear section so that the rear forming means forms a free gap in the interior between the working front facial wall of the structure being formed, the side walls of the rear formed hole section and the forming baffle means;

(m) letting the materials of the structure into and laying the materials in the formed free gap and thereby forming an advanced facial wall of the structure to form the structure.

24. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the following steps:

(n) operating the activating means capable to insert the front equally-curved forming means located in a front formed hole section into the ground and move the making means to move the forming means about the connection the forming means and the carrier member into intended positions in a formed hole section and toward the advanced facial wall of the structure in a rear formed hole section to cause a compressing means substantially similar in construction to the structure facial wall-forming baffle and motive frame member having a rear structure facial wall-forming and compressing baffle wall, to be forced against the structure wall so to compress the structure wall and form the structure.

25. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the following steps:

26. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the following steps:

(o) operating the activating means to insert a conduit member for letting and laying the materials at a working position into a formed hole section up to a predetermined depth and distance in the section;

(p) operating the activating means to move the conduit member, with the motive means, at the working position in an intended returning and emptying direction so that the forming means forms a free gap along the length of the rear hole section between the structure facial wall, the side walls of the section, the baffle means of a front forming means located in a front hole section, the forming means which empties the section to cause the conduit to let into and lay the structure materials in the gap, the direction of returning and emptying diverges from the central longitudinal axis of the formed gap and is determined;

(q) operating the activating means to insert and move the means for directing the emptying, the means for directing the emptying being substantially similar in construction to the guiding and supporting means, in a working position to force a means for supporting and guiding the forming means for the emptying, the means for supporting and guiding for emptying being substantially similar in construction to the directing means for the excavating, at the emptying-directing means in a direction opposite of the diverged returning and emptying direction to use the emptying-directing means and the motive means to be forced in the diverged returning and emptying direction so to advance the gap, let and lay the materials to form the structure section in the diverged direction.

27. The method according to claim 20, further utilizing a means for supporting walls of an excavation in the ground and comprising the following steps:

(r) digging the excavation in the ground to a predetermined depth and distance by means of an excavating device, inserting the means for supporting the walls at a working position into the excavation to stop at a predetermined depth and distance in the excavation so that the means for supporting support the walls;

(s) operating the activating means of the supporting means to move a number of wall-supporting portions of the stopped supporting means outwardly in directions against and into compressive engagement with the walls of the excavation to immobilize the supporting means relative to the walls.

(t) operating the activating means of the apparatus to move an intended part of the forming means relative to the supporting means in an intended advancing direction at a speed, the speed must be equal to a speed of movement of the part in the same direction with another activating means of the apparatus to cause the supporting means to decrease the force applied by and the overturning moment about the chassis means.

28. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the following step:

(u) operating an activating means of a framework means to engage forcedly a carrier member of the framework means with the motive means of the forming means supported by the walls of the formed hole and move the carrier member in a direction opposite to the direction of advancement of the excavation to cause the chassis means to advance from its rear working position in the advancing direction into a next in turn front working position and repeat the appropriate and suitable steps with the next in turn guided forming means to construct further sections of the structure along further section lines and the structure line.