Image forming apparatus using a contact or a proximity type of charging system
First Claim
1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
- a movable body to be charged; and
a charger comprising a charging member contacting or adjoining said body to be charged and configured to apply a voltage, including an AC component, to said charging member for thereby charging said body;
wherein a protection substance for protecting a surface of said body from deterioration ascribable to charging is caused to exist on said body, and wherein a ratio (%) of a number of particular elements, contained in the protection substance and detected by an X-ray photon spectral analyzer (XPS) in a zone where said charging member charges said body, to a total number of all elements constituting an outermost surface of said body and detected by said XPS is expressed as;
1.52×
10−
4×
{Vpp−
2×
Vth}×
f/v×
Nα
where Vpp denotes a peak-to-peak voltage (V) of an AC voltage, f denotes a frequency (Hz) of the AC component applied to said charging member, v denotes a moving speed (mm/sec) of the surface of said body, N denotes the number of, among elements constituting the protection substance, the particular elements in a single molecule, and Vth denotes a discharge start voltage produced by;
Vth=312+6.2×
(d/ε
opc+Gp/ε
air)+{square root}(77.37.6×
d/ε
opc) where d denotes a film thickness (μ
m) of said body, ε
opc denotes a specific dielectric constant of said body, ε
air denotes a specific dielectric constant of a space between said body and said charging member, and Gp denotes a smallest distance (μ
m) between a surface of said charging member and the surface of said body.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a movable body to be charged and a charger including a charging member that contacts or adjoins the body to be charged and applies a voltage, including an AC component, to the charging member for thereby charging the body. A protection substance for protecting the surface of the body from deterioration ascribable to charging is caused to exist on the body. The number of particular elements, contained in the protection substance and detected by an X-ray photon spectral analyzer (XPS) in a zone where the charging member charges the body, is held in a particular ratio to the total number of all elements constituting the outermost surface of the body and also detected by the XPS.
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Citations
75 Claims
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1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
-
a movable body to be charged; and
a charger comprising a charging member contacting or adjoining said body to be charged and configured to apply a voltage, including an AC component, to said charging member for thereby charging said body;
wherein a protection substance for protecting a surface of said body from deterioration ascribable to charging is caused to exist on said body, and wherein a ratio (%) of a number of particular elements, contained in the protection substance and detected by an X-ray photon spectral analyzer (XPS) in a zone where said charging member charges said body, to a total number of all elements constituting an outermost surface of said body and detected by said XPS is expressed as;
1.52×
10−
4×
{Vpp−
2×
Vth}×
f/v×
Nαwhere Vpp denotes a peak-to-peak voltage (V) of an AC voltage, f denotes a frequency (Hz) of the AC component applied to said charging member, v denotes a moving speed (mm/sec) of the surface of said body, N denotes the number of, among elements constituting the protection substance, the particular elements in a single molecule, and Vth denotes a discharge start voltage produced by;
Vth=312+6.2×
(d/ε
opc+Gp/ε
air)+{square root}(77.37.6×
d/ε
opc)where d denotes a film thickness (μ
m) of said body, ε
opc denotes a specific dielectric constant of said body, ε
air denotes a specific dielectric constant of a space between said body and said charging member, and Gp denotes a smallest distance (μ
m) between a surface of said charging member and the surface of said body. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. In a process cartridge removaly mounted to a body of an image forming apparatus, said image forming apparatus comprising:
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a movable body to be charged; and
a charger comprising a charging member contacting or adjoining said body to be charged and configured to apply a voltage, including an AC component, to said charging member for thereby charging said body;
wherein a protection substance for protecting a surface of said body from deterioration ascribable to charging is caused to exist on said body, and wherein a ratio (%) of a number of particular elements, contained in the protection substance and detected by an X-ray photon spectral analyzer (XPS) in a zone where said charging member charges said body, to a total number of all elements constituting an outermost surface of said body and detected by said XPS is expressed as;
1.52×
10−
4×
{Vpp−
2×
Vth}×
f/v×
Nαwhere Vpp denotes a peak-to-peak voltage (V) of an AC voltage, f denotes a frequency (Hz) of the AC component applied to said charging member, v denotes a moving speed (mm/sec) of the surface of said body, N denotes the number of, among elements constituting the protection substance, the particular elements in a single molecule, and Vth denotes a discharge start voltage produced by;
Vth=312+6.2×
(d/ε
opc+Gp/ε
air)+{square root}(77.37.6×
d/ε
opc)where d denotes a film thickness (μ
m) of said body, ε
opc denotes a specific dielectric constant of said body, ε
air denotes a specific dielectric constant of a space between said body and said charging member, and Gp denotes a smallest distance (μ
m) between a surface of said charging member and the surface of said body.
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16. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on an image carrier, comprising:
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a charging member contacting or adjoining a surface of the image carrier; and
a protection layer formed on the surface of the image carrier for protecting said surface from chemical deterioration ascribable to proximity discharge effected by said charging member. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41)
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- 42. In a cleaning device for removing residual toner left on an image carrier after image transfer, coating means is provided for coating a protection substance on a surface of said image carrier to thereby protect said surface from proximity discharge.
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48. An image forming apparatus comprising:
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an image carrier for carrying a latent image thereon;
a charger configured to charge a surface of said image carrier;
a developing device configured to develop the latent image with a developer to thereby produce a toner image by depositing said developer on a developer carrier and causing said developer carrier to convey said developer to a developing zone where said developer carrier faces said image carrier; and
a cleaning device configured to remove residual toner left on said image carrier after transfer of the toner image to a recording medium;
wherein said cleaning device comprises coating means for coating a protection substance on the surface of said image carrier to thereby protect said surface from proximity discharge. - View Dependent Claims (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)
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58. An image forming apparatus comprising:
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an image carrier for carrying a latent image thereon;
a charger configured to charge a surface of said image carrier;
a developing device configured to develop the latent image with a developer to thereby produce a toner image by depositing said developer on a developer carrier and causing said developer carrier to convey said developer to a developing zone where said developer carrier faces said image carrier; and
a cleaning device configured to remove residual toner left on said image carrier after transfer of the toner image to a recording medium; and
feeding means for feeding a protection substance to the surface of said image carrier to thereby form a protection layer;
wherein said feeding means is positioned between, among image forming process means contacting the surface of said image carrier at positions upstream of said charger in a direction in which the surface of said image carrier moves, image forming process means closest to said charger and said charger. - View Dependent Claims (59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72)
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73. In a process cartridge removably mounted to a body of an image forming apparatus and loaded with a cleaning device and an image carrier, said image forming apparatus comprising:
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said image carrier for carrying a latent image thereon;
a charger configured to charge a surface of said image carrier;
a developing device configured to develop the latent image with a developer to thereby produce a toner image by depositing said developer on a developer carrier and causing said developer carrier to convey said developer to a developing zone where said developer carrier faces said image carrier; and
said cleaning device configured to remove residual toner left on said image carrier after transfer of the toner image to a recording medium; and
feeding means for feeding a protection substance to the surface of said image carrier to thereby form a protection layer;
wherein said feeding means is positioned between, among image forming process means contacting the surface of said image carrier at positions upstream of said charger in a direction in which the surface of said image carrier moves, image forming process means closest to said charger and said charger.
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74. In a process cartridge removably mounted to a body of an image forming apparatus and loaded with an image carrier and a developing device, said image forming apparatus comprising:
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said image carrier for carrying a latent image thereon;
a charger configured to charge a surface of said image carrier;
said developing device configured to develop the latent image with a developer to thereby produce a toner image by depositing said developer on a developer carrier and causing said developer carrier to convey said developer to a developing zone where said developer carrier faces said image carrier; and
a cleaning device configured to remove residual toner left on said image carrier after transfer of the toner image to a recording medium;
wherein said cleaning device comprises coating means for coating a protection substance on the surface of said image carrier to thereby protect said surface from proximity discharge.
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75. In a process cartridge removably mounted to a body of an image forming apparatus and loaded with an image carrier and a charger, said image forming apparatus comprising:
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said image carrier for carrying a latent image thereon;
said charger configured to charge a surface of said image carrier;
a developing device configured to develop the latent image with a developer to thereby produce a toner image by depositing said developer on a developer carrier and causing said developer carrier to convey said developer to a developing zone where said developer carrier faces said image carrier; and
a cleaning device configured to remove residual toner left on said image carrier after transfer of the toner image to a recording medium; and
feeding means for feeding a protection substance to the surface of said image carrier to thereby form a protection layer;
wherein said feeding means is positioned between, among image forming process means contacting the surface of said image carrier at positions upstream of said charger in a direction in which the surface of said image carrier moves, image forming process means closest to said charger and said charger.
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Specification