Biosensor and method
First Claim
1. A method of using an electrode strip for determining the concentration of creatinine, said electrode strip having a first working electrode, a second working electrode and a reference electrode wherein said first working electrode contains a first enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction involving a substrate for creatine and said second working electrode contains a second enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction involving a substrate for creatinine, said first working electrode, said second working electrode and said reference electrode being disposed in a fluid sample channel for measuring a fluid sample, said method comprising:
- disposing said fluid sample into said channel of said electrode strip;
applying a potential between said reference electrode and said first working electrode;
measuring a first current generated between said first working electrode and said reference electrode and correlating said first current to a concentration of said creatine in said fluid sample;
applying a potential between said reference electrode and said second working electrode;
measuring a second current generated between said second working electrode and said reference electrode;
subtracting said first current from said second current and obtaining a current difference whereby said current difference is representative of the concentration of creatinine in said fluid sample.
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Abstract
An improved biosensor having at least a first working electrode and a first electrode material disposed on the first working electrode. The first electrode material is a mixture made by combining at least one enzyme where the at least one enzyme is a capable of reacting with the analyte to be measured, a redox mediator capable of reacting with a product of an enzymatic reaction or a series of enzymatic reactions involving the at least one enzyme, a peroxidase capable of catalyzing a reaction involving the redox mediator where the redox mediator is oxidized, a binder and a surfactant.
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Citations
9 Claims
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1. A method of using an electrode strip for determining the concentration of creatinine, said electrode strip having a first working electrode, a second working electrode and a reference electrode wherein said first working electrode contains a first enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction involving a substrate for creatine and said second working electrode contains a second enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction involving a substrate for creatinine, said first working electrode, said second working electrode and said reference electrode being disposed in a fluid sample channel for measuring a fluid sample, said method comprising:
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disposing said fluid sample into said channel of said electrode strip;
applying a potential between said reference electrode and said first working electrode;
measuring a first current generated between said first working electrode and said reference electrode and correlating said first current to a concentration of said creatine in said fluid sample;
applying a potential between said reference electrode and said second working electrode;
measuring a second current generated between said second working electrode and said reference electrode;
subtracting said first current from said second current and obtaining a current difference whereby said current difference is representative of the concentration of creatinine in said fluid sample. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method of making a creatinine sensor wherein said sensor has a first working electrode, a second working electrode and a reference electrode, wherein said first working electrode contains a first reagent material, said second working electrode contains a second reagent material and said reference electrode contains a reference reagent material, said first working electrode, said second working electrode and said reference electrode being disposed in a fluid sample channel for measuring a fluid sample, said method comprising:
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obtaining a base strip of an insulating material having a layer of conductive material disposed thereon, said base strip having a first end and a second end;
scribing in said conductive material a plurality of lines in a predetermined pattern forming three conductive paths between said first end and said second end;
disposing a first middle layer of insulating material over said base strip, said first middle layer having three cutouts wherein each cutout exposes an electrode portion of each of said three conductive paths wherein said three cutouts are spaced from said first end of said base strip, and wherein said first middle layer is sized to expose a contact portion of each of said three conductive paths for a distance from said second end of said base strip;
disposing said first reagent material on one of said three cutouts, said second reagent material on a second of said three cutouts and said reference reagent material on a third of said three cutouts, wherein said reference reagent material is made from mixing in water at least a redox mediator, said first reagent material is made from mixing in water a first and second enzyme, a redox mediator capable of reacting with a product of an enzymatic reaction involving said first and second enzyme, a peroxidase capable of catalyzing a reaction involving said redox mediator and said product wherein said redox mediator is oxidized, and said second reagent material is made from by mixing in water said first and second enzyme, a third enzyme, said redox mediator capable of reacting with a product of an enzymatic reaction involving said first and second enzyme and said third enzyme, said peroxidase capable of catalyzing a reaction involving said redox mediator and said product wherein said redox mediator is oxidized;
drying said first reagent material, said second reagent material and said reference reagent material;
overlaying a second middle layer of insulating material over and coextensive with said first middle layer, said second middle layer having an elongated cutout portion where said elongated cutout portion exposes said three cutouts of said first middle layer; and
disposing a top layer of insulating material over and coextensive with said second middle layer, said top layer having a vent opening wherein said vent opening exposes a portion of said elongated cutout portion furthest from said first end of said base strip. - View Dependent Claims (6)
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7. A method of making multiple, disposable creatinine sensors wherein each sensor has a first working electrode, a second working electrode and a reference electrode, wherein said first working electrode contains a first reagent material, said second working electrode contains a second reagent material and said reference electrode contains a reference reagent material, said first working electrode, said second working electrode and said reference electrode being disposed in a fluid sample channel for measuring a fluid sample, said method comprising:
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obtaining a base strip of an insulating material having a layer of conductive material disposed thereon, said base strip having a first edge and a second edge;
scribing in said conductive material a plurality of lines in a repetitive pattern wherein said plurality of lines contain a repetitive pattern forming three conductive paths in each of said repetitive pattern;
disposing a first middle layer of insulating material over said base strip, said first middle layer having a repetitive pattern of three cutouts wherein each cutout of each of said repetitive pattern exposes an electrode portion of each of said three conductive paths of each repetitive pattern wherein said repetitive pattern of said three cutouts are spaced from said first edge of said base strip, and wherein said first middle layer is sized to expose a contact portion of each of said three conductive paths of each repetitive pattern for a distance from said second edge of said base strip;
disposing said first reagent material on one of said three cutouts of each repetitive pattern, said second reagent material on a second of said three cutouts of each repetitive pattern and said reference reagent material on a third of said three cutouts of each repetitive pattern, wherein said reference reagent material is made from a mixture of components in water comprising a redox mediator, said first reagent material is made from a mixture of components in water, said components being a first and second enzyme, a redox mediator capable of reacting with a product of an enzymatic reaction involving said first and second enzyme, a peroxidase capable of catalyzing a reaction involving said redox mediator and said product wherein said redox mediator is oxidized, and said second reagent material is made from a mixture of components in water, said components being said first and second enzyme, a third enzyme, said redox mediator capable of reacting with a product of an enzymatic reaction involving said first and second enzyme and said third enzyme, said peroxidase capable of catalyzing a reaction involving said redox mediator and said product wherein said redox mediator is oxidized;
drying said first reagent material, said second reagent material and said reference reagent material;
overlaying a second middle layer of insulating material over and coextensive with said first middle layer, said second middle layer having a plurality of elongated cutout portions in a repetitive pattern wherein each of said elongated cutout portions exposes a corresponding repetitive pattern of said three cutouts of said first middle layer;
disposing a top layer of insulating material over and coextensive with said second middle layer, said top layer having a plurality of vent openings in a repetitive pattern wherein each of said vent openings exposes a portion of a corresponding repetitive pattern of said elongated cutout portion furthest from said first edge of said base strip; and
separating each of said repetitive pattern forming one of each of said disposable sensors. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9)
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Specification