Acoustic wave touch detection circuit and method

• US 20040246239A1
• Filed: 06/04/2003
• Published: 12/09/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Texzec, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Illinois Tool Works Inc.
• Inventors: Bremigan, Charles F. III, Wehrer, Wayne J., Knowles, Terence J., Kalmus, Chris
• Granted Patent: US 7,265,746 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 345/177
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0436 in which generating transducers and detecting transducers are attached to a single acoustic waves transmission substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 13/83 characterised by legends, e.g. Braille, liquid crystal displays, light emitting or optical elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2239/054 Acoustic pick-up, e.g. ultrasonic
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/96 Touch switches specially adapted for electronic time-pieces with no moving parts G04G21/08
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/96011 with propagation, SAW or BAW

Abstract

A circuit for an acoustic wave switch or sensor having a resonant acoustic wave cavity detects a touch or sensed event using a time domain approach. The circuit includes a controller that drives an acoustic wave transducer to generate a resonant acoustic wave in the acoustic wave cavity during a first portion of a sampling cycle. In a second portion of the sampling cycle, the controller monitors the time that it takes for the acoustic wave signal from the transducer to decay to a predetermined level. Based on the decay time, the controller detects a sensed event, such as a touch on the acoustic wave switch/sensor.

Claims

1. A method of detecting a touch on a touch responsive area comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the touch responsive area;

determining a value representing the time that the acoustic wave in the touch responsive area decays to a predetermined level in the absence of a touch to provide a reference;

generating a subsequent acoustic wave in the touch responsive area;

determining a subsequent value representing the time that the subsequent acoustic wave decays to the predetermined level;

comparing the subsequent value to the reference to determine whether the subsequent value represents a touch on the touch responsive area.

2. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 1 including updating the reference if the subsequent value does not represent a touch.

3. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 1 including updating the reference if the subsequent value does not represent a touch and the subsequent value is different than the reference.

4. A method of detecting a touch on a touch responsive area comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the touch responsive area;

determining a value representing the time that the acoustic wave in the touch responsive area decays to a predetermined level in the absence of a touch to provide a reference;

generating a subsequent acoustic wave in the touch responsive area of the device;

determining a subsequent value representing the time that the subsequent acoustic wave decays to the predetermined level;

comparing the subsequent value to the reference to determine whether the subsequent value represents a touch on the touch responsive area; and

updating the reference based on the comparison of the subsequent value to the reference.

5. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 4 wherein the reference is updated if the subsequent value does not represent a touch and the subsequent value is different than the reference.

6. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 5 wherein the reference is updated by an amount that is less than or equal to the difference between the reference and the subsequent value.

7. A method of detecting a touch on a touch responsive area comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the touch responsive area;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the touch responsive area, the acoustic wave signal, in the absence of a touch on the touch responsive area, decaying to a predetermined level over a period of time and the acoustic wave signal, in the presence of a touch on the touch responsive area, decaying to the predetermined level over a shorter period of time;

determining a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave signal decays to the predetermined value; and

comparing the determined value to a reference to detect a touch on the touch responsive area.

8. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 7 wherein the step of determining a value includes counting the number of cycles of the acoustic wave signal that have an amplitude above the predetermined level.

9. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 8 including comparing the number of cycles having an amplitude above the predetermined level to a reference to detect a touch if the number of cycles is less than the reference.

10. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 7 including determining the reference used to detect a touch.

11. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 10 wherein determining the reference includes determining a value representing an average period of time for the acoustic wave to decay to the predetermined level and using the average period of time value and a look up table to determine the reference.

12. A method of detecting a touch on a touch responsive area comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the touch responsive area;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the touch responsive area, the acoustic wave signal, in the absence of a touch on the touch responsive area, decaying to a predetermined level over a number of cycles of the signal and the acoustic wave signal, in the presence of a touch on the touch responsive area, decaying to the predetermined level over a smaller number of cycles;

counting the number of cycles of the signal having an amplitude above the predetermined level to provide a count; and

comparing the count to a reference to detect a touch on the touch responsive area.

13. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 12 including determining the reference used to detect a touch.

14. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 13 wherein determining the reference includes determining an average count value based on counts associated with an absence to a touch and using the average count to look up a reference in a table.

15. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 12 including periodically updating the reference used to detect a touch.

16. A method of detecting a touch on a touch responsive area comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the touch responsive area;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the touch responsive area in a sampling cycle, the acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle, in the absence of a touch on the touch responsive area, decaying to a predetermined level over a period of time and the acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle, in the presence of a touch on the touch responsive area, decaying to the predetermined level over a shorter period of time;

comparing the acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle to the predetermined level to generate a pulse when the amplitude of the signal is greater than the predetermined level;

counting a number of the pulses generated to provide a count for a sampling cycle; and

comparing the count for a sampling cycle to a reference to detect a touch.

17. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 16 including determining the reference used to detect a touch.

18. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 16 including determining the reference based on the counts for a plurality of sampling cycles.

19. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 18 wherein the reference is further determined based on a look up table.

20. A method of detecting a touch as recited in claim 16 including updating the reference used to detect a touch.

21. A touch detection circuit for detecting a touch on a touch responsive acoustic wave cavity comprising:

at least one transducer driven to generate an acoustic wave in the cavity during a sampling cycle and responsive to the acoustic wave to provide a signal representative thereof for the sampling cycle; and

a controller responsive to the acoustic wave signal to determine a number representing the period of time that the acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle decays to a predetermined level, and the controller comparing the number for a sampling cycle to a touch reference to detect a presence of a touch on the acoustic wave cavity during the sampling cycle.

22. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 21 wherein said controller includes a processor and memory, the predetermined level being programmable and the processor determining the touch reference.

23. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 22 wherein the processor determines the touch reference based on a look up table stored in the memory.

25. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 21 wherein the controller determines the touch reference based on a plurality of numbers each representing a respective period of time that the acoustic wave signal for respective sampling cycle decays to a predetermined level in the absence of a touch on the acoustic wave cavity.

26. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 21 wherein the controller includes a comparator that receives an acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle and compares the amplitude of the acoustic wave signal to a predetermined amplitude to generate a pulse when the amplitude of the acoustic wave signal is greater than the predetermined amplitude.

27. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 26 wherein the controller counts the number of pulses from the comparator for an acoustic wave signal received for a sampling cycle to determine the number representing the period of time that the acoustic wave signal decays to the predetermined level.

28. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 21 wherein the transducer is a piezoelectric transducer.

29. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 21 wherein the transducer is an electromagnetic acoustic transducer.

24. A touch detection circuit as recited in 22 wherein the processor determines the touch reference based on at least one number representing the period of time that the acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle decays to a predetermined level in the absence of a touch on the acoustic wave cavity.

30. A touch detection circuit for detecting a touch on a touch responsive acoustic wave cavity comprising:

at least one transducer to generate an acoustic wave in the cavity when the transducer is driven and responsive to the acoustic wave in the cavity to provide a signal representative thereof;

a controller that controls the driving of the at least one transducer and the receipt of the acoustic wave signal from the transducer during a sampling cycle, the controller being responsive to the transducer signal to determine a number representing the period of time that the signal, received from the transducer during a sampling cycle, decays to a predetermined level, and the controller comparing the number for a sampling cycle to a touch reference to detect the presence of a touch on the acoustic wave cavity during the sampling cycle.

31. A touch detection circuit for detecting a touch on a touch responsive acoustic wave cavity comprising:

at least one transducer driven to generate an acoustic wave in the cavity during a sampling cycle and responsive to the acoustic wave to provide a signal representative thereof for the sampling cycle;

a comparator for comparing the amplitude of the acoustic wave signal for a sampling cycle to a first reference to generate a pulse when the amplitude of the acoustic wave signal is above the first reference;

a counter for counting a number of the pulses from the comparator to provide a count for the sampling cycle; and

a processor for comparing the count for the sampling cycle to a second reference to detect a touch.

32. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 31 wherein the processor controls the generation of the acoustic wave in the cavity and the coupling of the acoustic wave signal to the comparator.

33. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 31 wherein the processor is responsive to the counts for a plurality of sampling cycles to update the second reference used to detect a touch.

34. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 33 wherein the processor uses a table stored in a memory to determine the second reference.

35. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 31 wherein the processor updates the reference.

36. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 31 wherein the transducer is a piezoelectric transducer.

37. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 31 wherein the transducer is an electromagnetic acoustic transducer.

38. A touch detection circuit for detecting a touch on a touch responsive acoustic wave cavity comprising:

an electromagnetic acoustic transducer having a coil and at least one magnet, the electromagnetic acoustic transducer being positioned adjacent the acoustic wave cavity; and

a controller coupled to the coil to drive the transducer to generate an acoustic wave in the acoustic wave cavity and to pick up a signal from the transducer representing the acoustic wave in the acoustic wave cavity, the controller is responsive to the signal to determine a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave signal decays to a predetermined level, the value being indicative of the presence or absence of a touch on the touch responsive acoustic wave cavity.

39. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 38 wherein the electromagnetic acoustic transducer includes a single coil for generating the acoustic wave and for picking up a signal representing the acoustic wave.

40. A touch detection circuit as recited in claim 38 wherein the electromagnetic acoustic transducer includes multiple coils.

41. A circuit for an acoustic wave sensor comprising:

at least one transducer driven to generate a resonant acoustic wave in an acoustic wave resonator and responsive to the acoustic wave to provide a signal representative thereof;

a controller responsive to the signal for determining a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level, the controller comparing the value to a reference to sense an event.

42. A method of sensing in an acoustic wave sensor comprising:

generating a resonant acoustic wave;

providing a signal representing the resonant acoustic wave, the signal decaying over time;

determining a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level; and

comparing the value to a reference indicative of a sensed event.

43. A method of detecting switch malfunction for an acoustic wave switch comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch;

determining a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level; and

comparing the determined value to a malfunction reference to determine whether the switch has malfunctioned.

44. A method of detecting switch malfunction as recited in claim 43 including providing an indication of switch malfunction in response to a determination that a switch has malfunctioned.

45. A method of detecting switch malfunction as recited in claim 43 including generating a signal representing switch malfunction in response to a determination that a switch has malfunctioned.

46. A method of detecting switch malfunction for an acoustic wave switch comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch during each of a plurality of sampling periods;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch in each of the sampling periods;

determining, for each of the sampling periods, a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level; and

comparing a plurality of the determined values to a reference to determine whether the switch has malfunctioned.

47. A method of detecting switch malfunction as recited in claim 46 including providing an indication of switch malfunction in response to a determination that a switch has malfunctioned.

48. A method of detecting switch malfunction as recited in claim 46 including generating a signal representing switch malfunction in response to a determination that a switch has malfunctioned.

49. A method of detecting switch malfunction wherein switch failure is determined when the values for a predetermined number of consecutive sampling periods have been greater than or less than the reference.

50. A method of detecting impending switch malfunction for an acoustic wave switch comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch during each of a plurality of sampling periods;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch in each of the sampling periods;

determining, for each of the sampling periods, a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level;

determining a trend from a plurality of the determined values indicative of impending switch malfunction.

51. A method of detecting impending switch malfunction as recited in claim 50 including providing an indication of impending switch malfunction in response to a determination of a trend indicative of impending switch malfunction.

52. A method of detecting impending switch malfunction as recited in claim 50 including generating a signal representing impending switch malfunction in response to a determination of a trend indicative of impending switch malfunction.

53. A method of detecting switch malfunction for an acoustic wave switch comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch during each of a plurality of sampling periods;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch in each of the sampling periods;

determining, for each of the sampling periods, a first value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level;

determining a second value representing an average of a plurality of the first values; and

comparing the second value to a reference to determine whether the switch has malfunctioned.

54. A method of detecting liquid interference with an acoustic wave sensor comprising:

generating an acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch during each of a plurality of sampling periods the acoustic wave being insensitive to the liquid at certain levels of the liquid and the acoustic wave being sensitive to the liquid at other levels;

providing a signal representing the acoustic wave in the acoustic wave switch in each of the sampling periods; and

analyzing the signals in a predetermined number of consecutive sampling periods for variations among the signal indicative of the presence of an interfering liquid.

55. A method of detecting liquid interference as recited in claim 54 wherein the analyzing includes determining, for each sampling period, a value representing the period of time that the acoustic wave decays to a predetermined level.

56. A method of detecting liquid interference as recited in claim 55 including comparing a maximum value and a minimum value to determine if the difference therebetween exceeds a threshold.

57. An acoustic wave touch panel comprising:

a substrate having a plurality of wave cavities formed therein and defined by an area of increased mass, the substrate having a surface with touch responsive areas associated with the acoustic wave cavities and a back surface opposite thereto;

a transducer positioned adjacent the back surface of each of the acoustic wave cavities;

a circuit board having a circuit for driving the transducers to generate an acoustic wave in each of the acoustic wave cavities, the circuit board having a plurality of apertures and the circuit board being bonded on the back surface of the substrate wherein each aperture is aligned with a respective acoustic wave cavity.

58. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 57 including at least one contact associated with each transducer, the contact having a first end attached to the circuit board and a second end extending over a respective aperture for contact with the transducer.

59. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 58 wherein the contact is a cantilevered contact.

60. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 58 wherein the contact is a spring.

61. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 58 wherein the second end of the contact includes a conducting plastic.

62. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 57 wherein the transducers are mounted on the substrate and extend into respective apertures of the circuit board.

63. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 57 wherein the transducers are mounted on the circuit board in the apertures.

64. An acoustic wave touch panel as recited in claim 63 wherein the transducers are electromagnetic acoustic wave transducers.

65. An acoustic wave sensor comprising:

a substrate having an acoustic wave cavity defined by an area of increased mass, the acoustic wave cavity having a surface responsive to a sensed event and a back surface opposite thereto;

a transducer mounted on the back surface of the acoustic wave cavity; and

a circuit board with an aperture and a contact extending over the aperture, the circuit board being bonded onto the substrate with the aperture aligned with the acoustic wave cavity and the contact contacting the transducer.

66. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 65 wherein the contact is a cantilevered contact.

67. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 65 wherein the contact is a spring contact.

68. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 65 wherein the contact includes a conducting elastomer contacting the transducer.

69. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 65 wherein the circuit board couples a drive signal to the transducer and picks up a signal from the transducer for analysis.

70. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 65 wherein the area of increased mass is a raised area.

71. An acoustic wave sensor comprising:

an acoustic wave cavity insert having an area of increased mass defining an acoustic wave cavity, the acoustic wave cavity having a surface responsive to an event to be sensed and a back surface opposite thereto and the insert having a periphery shaped to allow the acoustic wave cavity insert to be mounted in an aperture of a sensor support;

at least one transducer mounted on the back surface of the acoustic wave cavity of the insert.

72. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 71 wherein the area of increased mass is a raised area.

73. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 71 including a circuit board having an aperture and a contact extending over the aperture, the circuit board being bonded onto the substrate with the aperture aligned with the acoustic wave cavity and the contract contacting the transducer.

74. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 72 including a contact support having an aperture aligned with the acoustic wave cavity and a contact extending from the contact support over the aperture to contact the transducer.

75. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 74 wherein the contact support has a second contact for connection to a circuit board.

76. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 74 wherein the sensor support is planar.

77. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 74 wherein the sensor support has a cylindrical portion with a threaded outer surface.

78. An acoustic wave sensor component comprising:

a stamped insert having a raised area defining an acoustic wave cavity and a periphery spaced from the acoustic wave cavity and shaped to allow the acoustic wave insert to be mounted in an aperture of a sensor support.

79. An acoustic wave sensor component as recited in claim 78 wherein the cavity has a generally circular periphery.

80. An acoustic wave sensor component as recited in claim 78 wherein the periphery of the insert includes a flange for engaging a member of the sensor support.

81. An acoustic wave sensor component comprising:

a sensor disk having a raised area with a generally circular periphery formed thereon, the raised area defining an acoustic wave cavity, the sensor disk having a periphery spaced from the acoustic wave cavity and shaped to allow the sensor disk to be mounted in an aperture of a support for the sensor disk.

82. An acoustic wave sensor component as recited in claim 81 wherein the sensor disk is stamped.

83. An acoustic wave sensor component as recited in claim 81 wherein the raised area of the sensor disk is a truncated dome.

84. An acoustic wave sensor component as recited in claim 81 wherein the periphery of the sensor disk includes a flange for engaging a member of the sensor support.

85. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 81 wherein the sensor support is planar.

86. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 81 wherein the sensor support has a cylindrical portion with a threaded outer surface.

87. An acoustic wave sensor of claim 81 wherein the sensor support has a cylindrical portion.