Automatic generation control of a power distribution system

• US 20040260430A1
• Filed: 05/12/2004
• Published: 12/23/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/13/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Siemens AG
• Original Assignee: Siemens Energy Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Mansingh, Ashmin, York, Mike
• Granted Patent: US 7,689,323 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 700/286
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 50/06 Energy or water supply
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/003 Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

Abstract

A method and system is provided for optimizing the performance of a power generation and distribution system that monitors the performance of a power system, detects disturbances and calculates statistical information, uses historical performance data and economic factors to analyze and control the production of power.

Claims

1. A method of energy management of a power system, comprising the steps of:

monitoring the performance of the power system, detecting disturbances and calculating statistical information including frequency error;

using historical performance data of the power system and the statistical information to generate a first corrective signal to regulate the generation of power in the power system;

using economic factors to generate a second corrective signal to optimize economic use of power generating resources; and

using the first corrective signal and second corrective signal to analyze and generate a control signal to correct the performance of the power distribution system.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of calculating statistical information includes the calculation of interchange error.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of allocating the use of power generating resources based on the control signal generated to correct the performance of the power and distribution system.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of categorizing a type of performance error and assigning a priority level to the type of performance error.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of executing corrective action based on the priority level assigned to the type of performance error.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of comparing detected performance errors with standards established by a regulating authority and taking corrective action to comply with these standards.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of monitoring the performance of the power system is conducted on a real-time basis.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting disturbances excludes non-conforming load excursions.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting disturbances comprises the step of detecting significant disturbances and further comprising the step of taking corrective action to return the performance of the power system to a pre-disturbance level within a predetermined recovery period.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of receiving real-time performance data for the power system.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of archiving performance data in a database for use as historical data in the step of generating the first corrective signal to correct the performance of the power system.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating statistical information comprises the use of expected performance data.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of calculating statistical information comprises the use of net power flow, net interconnection frequency and frequency bias to calculate an instantaneous compliance factor as an indicia of the performance of the power system.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of calculating statistical information comprises calculated real-time statistical data and statistical data based on historical data.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of determining the available power generating resources and the time need to correct the disturbance and using the determined available power generating resources and time needed to correct the disturbance to generate the first corrective signal.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of ignoring the generation of the first corrective signal in the event that either the available power generating resources or the time available to correct the disturbance within a predetermined time period is insufficient to take corrective action.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of ignoring the generation of the first corrective signal comprises the step of generating an alarm indicative of an inability to take corrective action.

18. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of allocating the use of power generating resources comprises the step of allocating an amount of power generation to a generation unit beyond the generating unit deadband.

19. A system for managing a power system, comprising

a monitoring module for monitoring the performance of the power system, detecting disturbances and calculating statistical information including frequency error;

a control module in communication with the monitoring module for processing the statistical information generated by the monitoring module and for generating a first corrective signal to regulate the generation of power in the power system;

a control decision module in communication with the control module for analyzing and generating a control signal to correct the performance of the power system;

an economic dispatch module in communication with the control decision module for using economic factors to generate a second corrective signal to optimize economic use of power generating resources, wherein the control decision module uses both the first corrective signal and the second corrective signal to analyze and determine a corrective course of action, represented by the control signal generated by the control decision module; and

using the first corrective signal and second corrective signal to analyze and generate a control signal to correct the performance of the power system.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the monitoring module is operative for calculating an interchange error.

21. The system of claim 19 further comprising a generation and allocation module in communication with the control decision module for receiving the control signal and for allocating the use of power generating resources based on the control signal generated to correct the performance of the power system.

22. The system of claim 19 wherein the monitoring module is operative for categorizing a type of performance error and assigning a priority level to each type of performance error.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the control module is operative for executing corrective action based on the priority level assigned to each type of performance error.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the control module is operative for comparing detected performance errors with standards established by a regulating authority and taking corrective action to comply with these standards.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the monitoring module utilizes real-time data from the power system to generate statistical information.

26. The system of claim 19, further comprising a non-conforming load module in communication with the control module for excluding non-conforming load excursions in generating the first corrective signal.

27. The system of claim 19, wherein the control module is operative for taking corrective action to return the performance of the power system to a pre-disturbance level within a predetermined recovery period.

29. The system of claim 19, wherein the monitoring module is operative for archiving performance data in a database for use by the decision control module as historical data in the step of generating the first corrective signal to correct the performance of the power system.

30. The system of claim 19, wherein the monitoring module is operative for calculating statistical information by using of expected performance data of the power system.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein monitoring module utilizes net power flow, net interconnection frequency and frequency bias to calculate an instantaneous compliance factor as an indicia of the performance of the power system.

32. The system of claim 19, wherein the monitoring module is operative for calculating statistical information that comprises calculated real-time statistical data and statistical data based on historical data.

33. The system of claim 19, wherein decision control module is operative for determining the available power generating resources and the time need to correct the disturbance and using the determined available power generating resources and time needed to correct the disturbance to generate the first corrective signal.

34. The system of claim 33, wherein the decision control module is operative for negating the generation of the first corrective signal in the event that either the available power generating resources or the time available to correct the disturbance within a predetermined time period is insufficient to take corrective action.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the decision control module is operative for generating an alarm indicative of an inability to take corrective action after negating the generation of the control signal.

36. The method of claim 21, wherein the generation and allocation module is operative for allocating an amount of power generation to a generation unit beyond the generating unit deadband.

28. The system of claim 28, wherein the monitoring module is operative for receiving and processing real-time performance data of the power system.

37. A method of energy management of a power system, comprising the steps of:

monitoring the performance of the power system, detecting disturbances and calculating statistical information including frequency error and interchange error;

calculating an instantaneous area control error (ACE) indicative of an instantaneous performance of the power system by utilizing net power flow, net interconnection frequency and frequency bias and calculating an average ACE (AACE) in accordance to CPS1 formulation over a predetermined time period;

using historical performance data of the power system and the AACE to generate a first corrective signal to regulate the generation of power in the power system;

using economic factors to generate a second corrective signal to optimize economic use of power generating resources; and

using the first corrective signal and second corrective signal to analyze and generate a control signal to correct the performance of the power system.

38. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of maintaining the AACE to a near value greater than or equal to 1.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein data for use in calculating the ACE is repeatedly sampled at intervals of less than or equal to 4 seconds.

40. The method of claim 39 further comprising the step of generating an AACE at an interval of less than or equal to one minute.

41. The method of claim 40, further comprising the generation of the first control signal in the event that the AACE is below 1.

42. The method of claim 41, further comprising the steps of calculating an instantaneous ACE value (AACE2) at intervals of less than or equal to 4 seconds and averaging the total of all sampled ACE values calculated over an interval of less than or equal to 10 minutes and comparing the AACE2 to a positive control threshold in accordance with the L10 value as set forth in CPS2.

43. The method of claim 42 further comprising the steps of establishing an ACE threshold which is 80% or more of the largest single contingency loss, and generating an alarm if a disturbance is detected beyond the threshold.

44. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of forwarding a first corrective signal to a decision control module to correct the performance of the power system.

45. The method of claim 44, further comprising the step of utilizing the first corrective signal and the second corrective signal to generate control signal indicative of the corrective course of action to be taken.

46. The method of claim 45 further comprising the step of allocating the use of power generating resources based on the control signal generated to correct the performance of the power system.

47. The method of claim 46 further comprising the step of categorizing a type of performance error and assigning a priority level to each type of CPS1, CPS2 and DCS violations.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein the step of assigning a priority level to each type of CPS1, CPS2 and DCS violation comprising the assignment of the highest priority level to DCS violations and the lowest priority to CPS1 violations.

49. The method of claim 48, further comprising the step of executing corrective action based on the priority level assigned to each type of performance violation.

50. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of monitoring the performance of the power system is conducted on a real-time basis.

51. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of detecting disturbances excludes non-conforming load excursions.

52. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of detecting disturbances comprises the step of detecting DCS violations and further comprising the step of taking corrective action to return the performance of the power system to a pre-disturbance level within a predetermined recovery period.

53. The method of claim 50 further comprising the step of receiving real-time performance data for the power system.

54. The method of claim 37, further comprising the step of archiving performance data in a database for use as historical data in the step of generating the first corrective signal to correct the performance of the power system.

55. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of calculating statistical information comprises the use of expected performance data.

56. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of calculating statistical information comprises the use of net power flow, net interconnection frequency and frequency bias to calculate an instantaneous compliance factor as an indicia of the performance of the power system.

57. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of calculating statistical information comprises calculated real-time statistical data and statistical data based on historical data.

58. The method of claim 37, further comprising the steps of determining the available power generating resources and the time need to correct the disturbance and using the determined available power generating resources and time needed to correct the disturbance to generate the first corrective signal.

59. The method of claim 48, further comprising the step of ignoring the generation of the first corrective signal in the event that either the available power generating resources or the time available to correct the violation within a predetermined time period is insufficient to take corrective action.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein the step of ignoring the generation of the first corrective signal comprises the step of generating an alarm indicative of an inability to take corrective action.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein the step of allocating the use of power generating resources comprises the step of allocating an amount of power generation to a generation unit beyond the generating unit deadband.

62. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:

monitoring the performance of the power system, detecting disturbances and calculating statistical information including frequency error;

using historical performance data of the power system and the statistical information to generate a first corrective signal to regulate the generation of power in the power system;

using economic factors to generate a second corrective signal to optimize economic use of power generating resources; and

using the first corrective signal and second corrective signal to analyze and generate a control signal to correct the performance of the power system.