Ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic transceiver and sounding apparatus

• US 20050007879A1
• Filed: 06/02/2004
• Published: 01/13/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 06/03/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Furuno Electric Co, Ltd
• Original Assignee: Furuno Electric Co, Ltd
• Inventors: Nishida, Masaru
• Granted Patent: US 7,269,098 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 367/99
• CPC Class Codes: B06B 1/0223 for generating signals continuous in time
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/524 Transmitters

Abstract

A driver circuit for generating a driving signal by pulse-width modulation (PWM) includes a half-bridge circuit formed essentially of a pair of series-connected FETs. When the level of an ultrasonic signal, or of the driving signal, is to be maximized, the individual FETs are switched at a switching frequency matched to the frequency of the driving signal. When the level of the ultrasonic signal, or the driving signal is to be reduced, on the other hand, the individual FETs are switched with specific timing determined based on the frequency of a clock signal of which period is shorter than that of the driving signal.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic transmitter comprising:

a transducer on which-a plurality of vibrating elements are arranged; and

a transmitting beamformer for forming an ultrasonic transmitting beam by activating vibrating elements by feeding driving pulse signals thereinto so that the individual vibrating elements output ultrasonic signals at a specific transmitting frequency fs and at varying amplitudes, the transmitting beamformer including half-bridge circuits each of which includes a pair of series-connected switching devices and generates the driving pulse signal by alternately switching the two switching devices at a specific switching frequency fa;

wherein each of the half-bridge circuits generates the driving pulse signal by matching the switching frequency fa to the transmitting frequency fs and matching the sum of ON periods of the switching devices to the sum of OFF periods of the switching devices within each switching cycle of the switching devices when the ultrasonic signals are transmitted at maximum output power; and

each of the half-bridge circuits generates the driving pulse signal based on multiple patterns of ON periods and OFF periods of the switching devices contained in each switching cycle of the switching devices by making the switching frequency fa higher than the transmitting frequency fs and controlling an ON/OFF pattern determined by a combination of the ON periods and the OFF periods of the switching devices when the ultrasonic signals are transmitted at reduced output power.

2. The ultrasonic transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the switching frequency fa is controlled based on a reference signal having a frequency ff higher than the switching frequency fa regardless of the output power of the ultrasonic signals.

3. An ultrasonic transceiver comprising:

the ultrasonic transmitter according to claim 1;

and

a receiving beamformer for producing an ultrasonic receiving beam by controlling signals produced from ultrasonic waves received by a plurality of vibrating elements of the transducer.

4. A sounding apparatus comprising:

the ultrasonic transceiver according to claim 3;

and

a device for controlling the receiving beamformer to scan successive azimuthal directions within the transmitting beam and pick up echo signals from the individual sounding directions and for displaying signals obtained from the echo signals.

5. An ultrasonic transmitter comprising:

a vibrating element driven by a driving pulse signal for outputting an ultrasonic signal at a transmitting frequency fs; and

a half-bridge circuit which comprises a pair of series-connected switching devices and generates the driving pulse signal by alternately switching the two switching devices at a specific switching frequency fa, with the driving pulse signal supplied to the vibrating element;

wherein the half-bridge circuit generates the driving pulse signal by matching the switching frequency fa to the transmitting frequency fs and matching the sum of ON periods of the switching devices to the sum of OFF periods of the switching devices within each switching cycle of the switching devices when the ultrasonic signal is transmitted at maximum output power; and

the half-bridge circuits generates the driving pulse signal based on multiple patterns of ON periods and OFF periods of the switching devices contained in each switching cycle of the switching devices by making the switching frequency fa higher than the transmitting frequency fs and controlling an ON/OFF pattern determined by a combination of the ON periods and the OFF periods of the switching devices when the ultrasonic signal is transmitted at reduced output power.

6. An ultrasonic transmitter comprising:

a vibrating element driven by a driving pulse signal for outputting an ultrasonic signal at a transmitting frequency fs; and

a half-bridge circuit which comprises a pair of series-connected switching devices and generates the driving pulse signal by alternately switching the two switching devices at a specific switching frequency fa, with the driving pulse signal supplied to the vibrating element;

wherein the half-bridge circuit generates the driving pulse signal by matching the switching frequency fa to the transmitting frequency fs when the ultrasonic signal is transmitted at maximum output power; and

the half-bridge circuits generates the driving pulse signal by making the switching frequency fa higher than the transmitting frequency fs when the ultrasonic signal is transmitted at reduced output power.

7. An ultrasonic transmitter comprising:

a vibrating element driven by a driving pulse signal for outputting an ultrasonic signal; and

a half-bridge circuit which comprises a pair of series-connected switching devices and generates the driving pulse signal by alternately switching the two switching devices at a switching frequency, with the driving pulse signal supplied to the vibrating element;

wherein the switching frequency depends on output power transmitted by the vibrating element.

8. An ultrasonic transmitter, comprising:

at least one vibrating element for producing ultrasonic signals;

a circuit having a pair of series connected switches; and

a signal generator for generating drive signals that alternately switch said switches at a predetermined switching frequency to produce a pulse driving signal for driving the vibrating element;

wherein the switching frequency of said drive signals is matched to the transmitting frequency of the ultrasonic waves in order to suppress the occurrence of harmonics in the ultrasonic signals.

9. An ultrasonic transmitter according to claim 8 wherein the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals is a function of a duty ratio between the pair of drive signals.

10. An ultrasonic transmitter according to claim 8 which further includes a waveform memory and a digital signal processor to generate said drive signals.

11. An ultrasonic transmitter according to claim 8 wherein there are a plurality of vibrating elements disposed on a transducer.

12. An apparatus, comprising:

a transducer having a plurality of vibrating elements for producing ultrasonic signals;

a transmitting beamformer, coupled to said transducer, said transmitting beamformer including;

a circuit having a pair of series connected switches; and

a signal generator for generating drive signals that alternately switch said switches at a predetermined switching frequency to produce a pulse driving signal for driving the vibrating element;

wherein the switching frequency of said drive signals is matched to the transmitting frequency of the ultrasonic waves in order to suppress the occurrence of harmonics in the ultrasonic signals.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12 which further includes a receiving beamformer responsive to the output of said transmitting beamformer, said receiving beamformer scanning successive directions to pick up echo signals caused by the ultrasonic signals from the transmitting beamformer.

14. A method for driving a transducer having at least one vibrating element for producing ultrasonic signals, said transducer being coupled to a beamformer including a circuit having a pair of series connected switches, which comprises the steps of;

generating drive signals that alternately switch said switches at a predetermined switching frequency to produce a pulse driving signal for driving the vibrating element;

matching the switching frequency of said drive signals to the transmitting frequency of the ultrasonic waves in order to suppress the occurrence of harmonics in the ultrasonic signals.

15. A method according to claim 14 which further includes controlling the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals by varying a duty ratio between the drive signals.

16. A method according to claim 14 which further includes the step of scanning successive directions to pick up echo signals caused by the ultrasonic signals from the beamformer.