Electrochromic device having a current-reducing additive
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Abstract
An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device comprising: at least one solvent; an anodic electroactive material; a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises a polymer present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential, relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive, while maintaining an electrochromic medium viscosity which facilitates acceptable production rates without a problematic degree of seal or other device component failure.
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Citations
111 Claims
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1-60. -60. (canceled)
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61. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises a polymer present in an effective concentration to reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential by at least approximately 20% relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73)
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74. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive is present in a concentration greater than 12% by weight; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)
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81. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises at least one polymer based on polymerization of a material represented by formula I;
wherein R14 are the same or different and comprise H, a halide, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof;
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive;
wherein the current-reducing additive comprises an average molecular weight of less than approximately 85,000 Daltons; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (82, 83, 84, 85, 86)
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87. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises at least one polymer based on polymerization of a material represented by formula II;
wherein R5-8 are the same or different and comprise H, a halide, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (88, 89, 90, 91, 92)
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93. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises at least one polymer represented by formula III;
wherein R9 comprises a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof, wherein n is an integer which ranges in value from 0 to approximately 1,700; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (94, 95, 96, 97, 98)
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99. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises at least one polymer represented by formula IV;
wherein R10-11 are the same or different and comprise a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof, wherein n is an integer which ranges in value from 0 to approximately 1,100; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (100, 101, 102, 103, 104)
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105. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive comprises at least one polymer based on formula V;
wherein R12-15 are the same or different and comprise H, a halide, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof, wherein m is an integer which ranges in value from 0 to approximately 500, wherein n is an integer which ranges in value from 1 to approximately 20; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
wherein the electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (106, 107, 108, 109, 110)
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111. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
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at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a cross-linked polymer matrix; and
a current-reducing additive, wherein the current-reducing additive is selected from at least one of the group consisting of;
(1) at least one polymer based on polymerization of a material represented by formula I;
wherein R1-4 are the same or different and comprise H, a halide, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof;
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
wherein the current-reducing additive comprises an average molecular weight of less than approximately 85,000 Daltons;
(2) at least one polymer based on polymerization of a material represented by formula II;
wherein R5-8 are the same or different and comprise H, a halide, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive;
(3) at least one polymer represented by formula III;
wherein R9 comprises a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof, wherein n is an integer which ranges in value from 0 to approximately 1,700; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive;
(4) at least one polymer represented by formula IV;
wherein R10-11 are the same or different and comprise a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof, wherein n is an integer which ranges in value from 0 to approximately 1,100; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive; and
at least one polymer represented by formula V;
wherein R12-15 are the same or different and comprise H, a halide, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted and straight or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 carbon atom(s), carbonyls, esters, carbonates, amides, ketenes, epoxides, a silyl or siloxyl group containing approximately 1 to approximately 40 silicon atom(s), and combinations thereof, wherein m is an integer which ranges in value from 0 to approximately 500, wherein n is an integer which ranges in value from 1 to approximately 20; and
wherein the current-reducing additive is present in an effective concentration to materially reduce the current of the electrochromic medium upon application of an electrical potential relative to an electrochromic medium without the current-reducing additive.
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Specification