Compact apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucose through near-infrared spectroscopy
First Claim
1. An apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucose through near-infrared spectroscopy, comprising:
- a base module comprising a grating and a detector array;
a sampling module, securely and removeably attached to a sample site, and coupled to said base module, said sampling module comprising an illumination source;
an optic system located before and/or after said sample site for coupling said illumination source to said sample and said sample to said detector array; and
a communication bundle for carrying optical and/or electrical signals between said base module and said sampling module, and for carrying power to said sampling module from said base module.
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Abstract
A near IR spectrometer-based analyzer attaches continuously or semi-continuously to a human subject and collects spectral measurements for determining a biological parameter in the sampled tissue, such as glucose concentration. The analyzer includes an optical system optimized to target the cutaneous layer of the sampled tissue so that interference from the adipose layer is minimized. The optical system includes at least one optical probe. Spacing between optical paths and detection fibers of each probe and between probes is optimized to minimize sampling of the adipose subcutaneous layer and to maximize collection of light backscattered from the cutaneous layer. Penetration depth is optimized by limiting range of distances between paths and detection fibers. Minimizing sampling of the adipose layer greatly reduces interference contributed by the fat band in the sample spectrum, increasing signal-to-noise ratio. Providing multiple probes also minimizes interference in the sample spectrum due to placement errors.
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Citations
100 Claims
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1. An apparatus for noninvasive measurement of glucose through near-infrared spectroscopy, comprising:
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a base module comprising a grating and a detector array;
a sampling module, securely and removeably attached to a sample site, and coupled to said base module, said sampling module comprising an illumination source;
an optic system located before and/or after said sample site for coupling said illumination source to said sample and said sample to said detector array; and
a communication bundle for carrying optical and/or electrical signals between said base module and said sampling module, and for carrying power to said sampling module from said base module. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94)
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29. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said source, said housing, and said reflector are arranged to bring in source light nearly parallel to said sample site surface.
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55. The apparatus of claim 55, further comprising:
means for automated delivery of said coupling fluid prior to sampling.
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95. An optical probe, comprising:
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one or more optical paths for incident radiation;
one or more detection fibers for each of said optical paths; and
a spacer having a radial dimension that establishes a minimum distance between said incident radiation and said one or more detection fibers;
wherein a maximum penetration distance of said incident radiation is greater than said radial dimension.
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97. The apparatus of claim 96, wherein said radial distance is from approximately 50 μ
- m to approximately 3000 μ
m. - View Dependent Claims (98, 99, 100)
- m to approximately 3000 μ
Specification