Low trans-fatty acid fat compositions; low-temperature hydrogenation, e.g., of edible oils
First Claim
1. A method of hydrogenating an unsaturated feedstock, comprising:
- producing a catalyst composition by heating a nickel-based catalyst to a first temperature of at least about 100°
C. in the presence of a process gas and a fat component; and
, thereafter, contacting the unsaturated feedstock with the catalyst composition and hydrogenating the unsaturated feedstock by sustaining a hydrogenation reaction at a second temperature of no greater than about 70°
C., the feedstock comprising at least one unsaturated organic component.
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides low trans-fatty acid fat compositions, methods of hydrogenating unsaturated feedstocks (e.g., oils), and hydrogenation catalyst compositions. One exemplary method involves producing an activated catalyst composition by heating a nickel-based catalyst to a first temperature of at least about 100° C. in the presence of hydrogen and a fat component. An unsaturated feedstock may be contacted with the activated catalyst composition and hydrogenated by sustaining a hydrogenation reaction at a second temperature of no greater than about 70° C. Some specific implementations of the invention permit the production of partially hydrogenated seed oils with low trans-fatty acid contents.
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Citations
74 Claims
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1. A method of hydrogenating an unsaturated feedstock, comprising:
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producing a catalyst composition by heating a nickel-based catalyst to a first temperature of at least about 100°
C. in the presence of a process gas and a fat component; and
, thereafter,contacting the unsaturated feedstock with the catalyst composition and hydrogenating the unsaturated feedstock by sustaining a hydrogenation reaction at a second temperature of no greater than about 70°
C., the feedstock comprising at least one unsaturated organic component. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 57, 58)
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28. A method of hydrogenating an unsaturated oil having an initial Iodine Value and an initial fatty acid content including at least about 4 weight percent C18:
- 3, the method comprising;
dispersing a nickel-based catalyst in the oil;
delivering hydrogen to the oil; and
hydrogenating the oil at a hydrogenation temperature no greater than about 70°
C. for a hydrogenation time to yield a hydrogenated oil having a modified Iodine Value and including a modified fatty acid content, wherein the hydrogenated oil is at least semi-liquid at 25°
C., an absolute difference between the initial Iodine Value and the modified Iodine Value divided by the hydrogenation time defines an average Iodine Value change rate of no less than about 5/hour, no more than about 2.5% of the modified fatty acid content comprises C18;
3, and no more than about 6% of the modified fatty acid content comprises trans-fatty acids. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 59, 60)
- 3, the method comprising;
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44. A method of hydrogenating an oil having an initial Iodine Value and an initial induction period, the method comprising:
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dispersing a nickel-based catalyst in the oil;
delivering hydrogen to the oil; and
hydrogenating the oil at a hydrogenation temperature no greater than about 70°
C. for a hydrogenation time to yield a hydrogenated oil having a modified Iodine Value and a modified induction period, wherein an absolute difference between the initial Iodine Value and the modified Iodine Value divided by the hydrogenation time defines an average Iodine Value change rate of no less than about 5/hour, and the modified induction period is at least twice the initial induction period. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 61)
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49. A substantially platinum-free hydrogenation catalyst composition comprising:
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a solid hydrogenated fat matrix; and
a nickel-based catalyst dispersed in the hydrogenated fat matrix, the nickel-based catalyst being adapted to sustain, at a temperature of about 70°
C. or less and in the presence of hydrogen, a hydrogenation reaction of a dielectric oil comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52)
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53. A method of hydrogenating an edible oil having an initial Iodine Value and an initial fatty acid content that includes at least about 4 weight percent C18:
- 3, the method comprising;
providing a catalyst composition including a fat component and a nickel-based catalyst that has been activated by heating to a first temperature in the presence of hydrogen;
dispersing the catalyst composition in the oil;
delivering hydrogen to the oil; and
hydrogenating the oil at a second temperature to yield a hydrogenated oil having a modified Iodine Value and including a modified fatty acid content, wherein;
the second temperature is less than the first temperature;
the hydrogenated oil is at least semi-liquid at 25°
C.;
an absolute difference between the initial Iodine Value and the modified Iodine Value divided by the hydrogenation time defines an average Iodine Value change rate of about 6-40/hour;
no more than about 2 weight percent of the modified fatty acid content comprises C18;
3; and
no more than about 5 weight percent of the modified fatty acid content comprises trans-fatty acids. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 62)
- 3, the method comprising;
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63. A partially hydrogenated edible oil comprising an oil selected from a group consisting of soybean oil and canola oil, wherein the partially hydrogenated edible oil:
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is semi-liquid at about 25°
C.;
has a C18;
3 content of no greater than about 2.5 weight percent;
has a trans-fatty acid content of no more than about 6 weight percent; and
has a ratio of C18 content to the trans-fatty acid content (C18;
TFA) of at least about 1.2. - View Dependent Claims (64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69)
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70. A partially hydrogenated edible oil comprising an oil selected from a group consisting of soybean oil and canola oil, wherein the partially hydrogenated edible oil:
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is semi-liquid at about 25°
C.;
has a C18;
3 content of no greater than about 2.5 weight percent;
has a trans-fatty acid content of no more than about 6 weight percent; and
has a ratio of cis- to trans-forms of C18;
1, C18;
2 and C18;
3 fatty acids (CFA TFA) of at least about 6. - View Dependent Claims (71, 72, 73, 74)
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Specification