Digital anti&minus forging method

• US 20050036651A1
• Filed: 11/18/2002
• Published: 02/17/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2001
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Tian Wen
• Original Assignee: Tian Wen
• Inventors: Wen, Tian
• Application Number:
  US10/496,926
• Publication Number:
  US 20050036651A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technique of digital anti-forging based on the digital watermarking, belonging to the field of image processing and information security. Using the technique of the digital watermarking can make digital signature or other information figurize. The present invention can combine with the existing certificate, handwriting signature, stamper and bar code, and make digital signature syncretize to digital or paper files in order to protect and prevent that important file, business contact, trademark and personal certificate are counterfeited, and it is a novel digital anti-forging solution.

Claims

1. A digital anti-counterfeit method based on digital watermark technology, whose feature consists in embedding the digital signature or other anti-counterfeit information of the file into host medium, so as to realize such functions as anti-counterfeit and verification of various important files, business contracts, individual credentials, trademarks and barcodes, in physical form (print, paper, label, etc) and digital form (such formats as PDF, WORD and XML).

2. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in making block DCT conversion of images, embedding the multi-bit information into the image through additive watermark embedding model {overscore (c)}_k=c_k+a_kw_k, among which, C={c_k, k=1,2, . . . ,K}is characteristic vector of the image, {overscore (C)}={{overscore (c)}_k} ε

F^K is new characteristic vector, and { a_k} is the constant vector that controls the watermark embedding intensity or energy. Detection process of watermarking gives symbol related detection algorithm

$Z=\underset{k}{\sum <br><br>}<br><br>w_k·<br><br>\mathrm{sgn}<br><br>\left({\tilde{c}}_k\right)$

under the assumption that image DCT coefficient meets Laplacian distribution, and perform hypothesis test according to Nayman-Pearson criterion, thus obtaining watermark information.

3. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in bringing up a very robust watermark embedding and detection algorithm for two-valued or multi-valued image. Information is directly embedded into null field of image according to K (block size), Q(image quality coefficient) and image size. Its algorithm is:

scan the image from top to bottom, divide it into N image blocks according to image content, calculate scalar quantity

$S_{i,j}^k=\underset{k}{\sum <br><br>}<br><br>\underset{k}{\sum <br><br>}<br><br>a_{i+k,j+k}.$

Determine whether to embed watermark information according to S_i,j^k value. When watermark information is 1, set a_i+k,j+k=128;

when watermark information is 0, set a_i+k,j+k=128. Block shape can be square, round point or other feature pattern, number of pixel points in each block depends on concrete application, the less pixel points, the more blocks, and the more embeddable information. Each block can be embedded with information of one bit or multiple bits according to different needs (the higher the image gray scale, the more the bits, and if block image only has one gray scale, each block can only be embedded with one-bit information). Watermark detection algorithm is a simple reverse process. For image watermark algorithm of each KB XKB block, it can be regarded as watermark verification instead of watermark extraction algorithm, i.e. judging whether image block contains watermark. In fact, it can also be regarded as watermark recovery algorithm of bit information. Therefore, if there are N image blocks, the image can be embedded and detected with N bits of information.

4. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in dividing image into small blocks (ex. square block, round point or other feature pattern), according to features like color, shape and position, etc. of image element (parts where light reflection rate is lower, ex. black “

line”

), each block can be embedded with information of one or more bits according to different needs. For each block, visibility of watermark information and quantity of embedded information is determined through predefined color value setting (including color value and gray scale).

5. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in converting content of original file into corresponding Hash value through Hash function;

obtain digital signature of original file from Hash value through public key encryption algorithm;

then embed the digital signature as watermark information into original file to obtain anti-counterfeit file containing digital signature. It can be judged whether the file is counterfeited by verifying digital signature. The process of judgment is to firstly obtain Hash value Hash #1 of file content to be judged, then extract digital signature information from watermark information to obtain original Hash value Hash #2, and if the two values are not the same, the file is counterfeited.

6. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in its ability to realize digital anti-counterfeit of valid credential through digital watermark and digital signature algorithm, obtain digital signature of content from valid information of credential (ex. name of credential holder, credential number, issuing date, valid period, issuing authority, etc. as well as some other important information), then embed the signature information into the head portrait of credential through watermark algorithm described in right claim 2, enabling each issued credential to contain head portrait with watermark signature. Authenticity of credential can be identified by extracting digital signature information from watermark.

8. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in its ability to realize the digital anti-counterfeit of trademarks through digital watermark and digital signature algorithm. Make digital signature from serial number or other valid information of each product, then embed the signature as watermark into trademark. In the verification process, obtain trademark pattern through ordinary scanner or web cam, then extract digital signature from watermark information, and verify its authenticity.

9. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in its ability to fabricate general anti-counterfeit label through a one dimensional watermark barcode, two-dimensional barcode and two-dimensional watermark barcode. Print the barcode with encryption or signature information on the anti-counterfeit label, then authenticity of any label at validation end can be confirmed through public key of the encrypter, without support from verification data center or other data bases. Such anti-counterfeit label can be made with one-dimensional watermark barcode, two-dimensional barcode or two-dimensional watermark barcode, and can be applied in situations where it is necessary to verify authenticity of files, commodities and other data.

10. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in graphic treatment of digital signature or anti-counterfeit information. Convert such digital watermark information as digital signature or anti-counterfeit information into graphic and image form (ex. seal, written signature, picture, curved line, image, etc.), and embed into electronic document (file formats such as PDF, WORD, image and video), multimedia data (image, video) and paper document. In this way, digital signature or anti-counterfeit information can exist in electronic and paper documents in the form of mimic and visualized graphics and images instead of nonfigurative binary codes. In this way, watermark detection and authenticity verification can be done directly for watermarked host medium.

11. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in its ability to compose a complete watermark fabrication, transmission and verification system through graphic digital signature or anti-counterfeit information. The fabrication end is to embed the digital watermark containing digital signature or other information into host data, and can output text of physical (ex. paper) or digital medium (ex. Adobe PDF). The transmission end is to send carriers containing graphic digital watermark to the demander in different ways (ex. sending electronic text via internet, sending common paper text via mail, etc.). The validation end is to perform watermark detection for received carrier medium (electronic or physical form), and judge whether this carrier contains valid digital watermark information. Such a system can be in purely digital form (ex. embed such watermark information as graphic digital signature into Adobe PDF file, and transmit the PDF file to the remote receiving end, then verify watermark information in the electronic file directly at the receiving end. Of course, this is also applicable to electronic texts in other various forms);

also can be in digital/physical mixture form (ex. only the fabrication end is electronic form, the output PDF file is printed on paper and transmitted to receiving party, and at the receiving end paper file can be converted into image form through such login devices as web cam or scanner, then verify its watermark information).

12. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim 1, whose feature consists in its ability to directly online generate electronic files with legal effect through a complete watermark fabrication, transmission and verification system composed of graphic digital signature. Electronic files containing graphic digital signature are self-contained, and all information of digital signature will be reserved even after text format conversion or after printing to paper through direct output device.

7. A digital anti-counterfeit method described according to claim of right 1, whose feature consists in its ability to realize digital anti-counterfeit function of ordinary seal and written signature through digital watermark and digital signature algorithm. Embed digital signature of the file into seal and written signature of the file through watermark algorithm, enabling files to have dual anti-counterfeit effect of both digital signature and seal (or written signature), and enabling files to still have legal effect of the original even after printing, copying and faxing.