Method for operating a wind park

• US 20050042098A1
• Filed: 04/04/2002
• Published: 02/24/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Aloys Wobben
• Original Assignee: Aloys Wobben
• Inventors: Wobben, Aloys
• Granted Patent: US 7,638,893 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 416/132.B
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0272 by measures acting on the electrical generator
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0284 in relation to the state of the electric grid
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/048 controlling wind farms
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/257 the wind motor being part of a wind farm
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/1033 Power (if explicitly mentioned)
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/304 Spool rotational speed
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/335 Output power or torque
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/337 Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/28 The renewable source being wind energy wind motors F03D
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/40 Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/30 Wind power
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/76 Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

Wind power installations were initially always erected in the form of individual units and it is only in recent years that, caused also by administrative and building regulations, wind power installations are frequently installed in wind parks. In that respect a wind park in its smallest unit is an arrangement of at least two wind power installations, but frequently markedly more. By way of example mention may be made of the wind park at Holtriem (East Frisia) where more than 50 wind power installations are set up in an array. It is to be expected that the number of units and also the installed power of the wind power installations will also increase greatly in the forthcoming years. In most cases the wind potential is at its greatest in regions of the power supply networks with a low level of short-circuit power and low population density. It is precisely there that the technical connection limits are quickly reached by the wind power installations, with the result that it is then no longer possible for further wind power installations to be set up at such sites._A method of operating a wind park comprising a plurality of wind power installations, wherein the wind park is connected to an electrical power supply network into which the electrical power produced by the wind park is fed and the wind park and/or at least one of the wind power installations of the wind park has a control input, by means of which the electrical power of the wind park or one or more individual wind power installation or installations can be set in a range of between 0 and 100% of the respective power to be made available, in particular the nominal power, and that there is provided a data processing apparatus which is connected to the control input and by means of which the setting value is set in the range of between 0 and 100%, depending on how great is the power that the overall wind park provides at its output for feeding into the energy network and wherein the operator (PSU) of the electrical supply network to which the wind park is connected can adjust the power delivered by the wind park by way of the control input.

Claims

1. A method of operating a wind park comprising:

a plurality of wind power installations, wherein the wind park is connected to an electrical power supply network into which the electrical power produced by the wind park is fed and the wind park and/or at least one of the wind power installations of the wind park has a control input, by means of which the electrical power of the wind park or one or more individual wind power installation or installations can be set in a range of between 0 and 100% of the respective power to be made available, in particular the nominal power, and that there is provided a data processing apparatus which is connected to the control input and by means of which the setting value is set in the range of between 0 and 100%, depending on how great is the power that the overall wind park provides at its output for feeding into the energy network and wherein the operator of the electrical supply network to which the wind park is connected can adjust the power delivered by the wind park by way of the control input, that the delivered electrical power of the wind park is reduced when the network frequency in the electrical power supply network exceeds or falls below a given value and the electrical voltage in the electrical power supply network exceeds and falls below a given value and that the phase angle φ

of the phase position between the current which is fed in and the voltage which is fed in is changed in dependence on the electrical network voltage.

13. A wind park according to claim 1 characterized in that the mechanical power of the wind power installation is produced by the adjustable rotor blades being set into the wind.

23. A wind park having at least two wind power installations characterized by an apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims and a respective voltage detection device for each separately regulatable part of the wind park.

24. A wind park in particular according to claim 23 characterized in that, for the situation where the voltage in the power supply network falls to a value below the nominal voltage, for example to a value of between 70 and 90% of the network voltage value, the wind park is separated from the network within the predetermined very short period of time, for example between 2 and 6 seconds.

25. A wind park according to claim 23 characterized in that the increase or reduction in the power of the wind park is limited to a value of between about 5 and 15%, preferably 10%, of the network connection capacity of the wind park per minute.

2. A wind park having a nominal power which is greater than the power which can/may be fed into the power supply network to which the wind park is connected.

3. A wind park according to claim 2 characterized in that the power of at least one or more wind power installations or all wind power installations of the wind park is throttled when the maximum possible network feed-in power value is reached.

4. A wind park according to claim 2 characterized in that throttling of the power is of the same magnitude for all wind power installations or is different.

5. A wind park according to claim 2 characterized in that the wind park comprises at least one wind power installation, wherein the power delivered by the wind power installation limits the amount thereof to a maximum possible network feed-in value which is lower than the maximum possible value of the power to be delivered (nominal power) and that the maximum possible feed-in value is determined by the receiving capacity (power capacity) of the network into which the energy is fed and/or by the power capacity of the power transmission unit or the transformer, by means of which the energy produced by the wind power installation is fed into the network.

6. A wind park according to claim 2 characterized in that the wind power installations which are firstly exposed to the wind within the wind park are less limited in respect of their power than wind power installations which in the wind direction are behind the above-mentioned wind power installations.

11. A wind power installation according to claim 4 characterized in that the regulating device has a microprocessor.

12. A wind park according to claim 11 characterized in that the wind power installation has an inverter coupled to the microprocessor.

7. A method of operating a wind park comprising

at least one wind power installation having a generator for the delivery of electrical power to an electrical network, characterized in that the power delivered to the network by the wind park is regulated or adjusted in dependence on the network frequency of the electrical network.

8. A method according to claim 7 characterized in that the power which is delivered by the wind park and fed into the network is reduced when the network frequency of the electrical network exceeds or falls below a predetermined value.

9. A method according to claim 8 characterized in that the fed-in power of the wind power installation is reduced when the network frequency is in the range of approximately more than 3‰

to 6‰

above or below the reference value thereof.

10. A wind park with at least one wind power installation for carrying out the method according to one claim 7, comprising:

a rotor and an electrical generator coupled to the rotor for delivering electrical power to an electrical network, characterized by a regulating device with a frequency detector for measuring the frequency of the electrical voltage applied to the network and that the power delivered to the network by the wind park is adjustable in dependence on the network frequency measured by the frequency detector or can be adjusted from the exterior.

14. A wind park according to claim 7 characterized in that the wind power installation does not deliver any electrical power to the network if the network frequency exceeds or falls below a predetermined value in respect of its reference value, preferably 2% of its reference value.

15. A method of operating a wind park having a wind power installation comprising an electrical generator drivable by a rotor of the wind power installation for delivering electrical power to an electrical network, wherein there is provided a control device which controls the voltage and/or the current of the electrical power to be fed into the network, characterized in that there are provided means for measuring the voltage at least at one location in the electrical network and that the measured value is fed to the control device and the control device implements a phase angle change in dependence on the measured value, wherein the phase angle φ

determines the phase position between the current which is fed in and the voltage which is fed in.

16. A method according to claim 15 characterized in that the phase angle φ

is changed in such a way that the voltage at at least one predetermined point in the network remains substantially unchanged.

17. A method according to claim 15 characterized in that the voltage is detected at at least one predetermined point in the network.

18. A method according to claim 15 characterized in that the voltage is detected at a different point from the feed-in point.

19. A method according to claim 15 characterized in that the values which are to be set for the phase angle φ

are derived from predetermined characteristic values.

20. A method according to claim 15 characterized in that the regulation can directly or indirectly implement actuation of a switching device in the network.

21. A method according to claim 15 characterized in that for portions of the network corresponding voltage detection procedures and regulating procedures by means of the phase angle φ

are effected separately.

22. A wind power installation characterized by an apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 15.