Environmental remediation method

• US 20050077249A1
• Filed: 08/12/2004
• Published: 04/14/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 08/27/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kerfoot Technologies Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Kerfoot Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Kerfoot, William B.
• Granted Patent: US 7,442,313 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 210/747
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/002 involving in-situ ground water treatment
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/10 microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/78 with ozone C02F1/4672 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2103/06 Contaminated groundwater or leachate

Abstract

Remediation for groundwater, soil, sediment bodies, bodies of water, tanks, pipes, and their surrounding areas are described. Remediation includes treating a site contaminated with toxic organic compounds by assessing for the presence or absence of suitable ozonphilic bacteria at the site and introducing ozone to the site. The ozonphilic bacteria are introduced to the site if the ozonphilic bacteria are not present or not present in sufficient quantities in the site. Ozone is introduced to the site in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of the suitable ozonphilic bacteria. Other oxidants can also be used.

Claims

1. A method comprising

treating a site contaminated with toxic organic compounds by:

assessing for the presence or absence of suitable ozonphilic bacteria at the site; and

introducing ozone to the site.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ozonphilic bacteria is introduced to the site if the ozonphilic bacteria are not present or not present in sufficient quantities in the site.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the concentration and rate of ozone introduced is determined based on the presence or absence of the suitable ozonphilic bacteria present at the site.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein ozone is introduced to the site in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of the suitable ozonphilic bacteria.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein ozone is introduced to the site in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of the suitable ozonphilic bacteria without killing suitable ozonphilic bacteria outside a distance of about one meter from the location of ozone introduction to the site.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein ozone is introduced to the site in an amount in a range of 1 to 300 ppmv to stimulate growth of suitable ozonphilic bacteria in a distal region from the location of ozone introduction to the site.

7. A method comprising

treating a site contaminated with toxic organic compounds comprises:

assessing the presence of bacteria from the genera;

Microbacterium, Gordonia (2), Hydrogenophaga, Nocardia, Rodococcus, Spingomonas, Xanthobacteria, Algallgenes (2), Mycobacteria, Rubrivivax, Arthrobacter, Acidovorax, Burkholderia, Variovarax, or Pseudomonas;

and

introducing an oxidant to the site.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the oxidant is ozone or ozone/hydrogen peroxide.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein ozone is introduced to the site in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of the bacteria.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein ozone is introduced to the site in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of bacteria without killing bacteria outside a distance of about one meter from the location of ozone introduction to the site.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the oxidant is oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.

12. A method of treating a site contaminated with toxic organic compounds comprising:

identifying the amount of bacteria present at the site;

introducing additional bacteria to the site; and

introducing ozone to the site.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein introducing ozone comprises introducing ozone as microbubbles.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the microbubbles are introduced using a microporous diffuser.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein the additional bacteria include at least one genera of Microbacterium, Gordonia (2), Hydrogenophaga, Nocardia, Rodococcus, Spingomonas, Xanthobacteria, Algallgenes (2), Mycobacteria, Rubrivivax, Arthrobacter, Acidovorax, Burkholderia, Variovarax, or Pseudomonas.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein the additional bacteria include at least one genera of the Microbacterium, the Burkordiua, the Pseudomonas and the Xanthobacteria genera.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein the oxidant is oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.

18. The method of any of claim 12 wherein the ozone is introduced in a continuous manner.

19. The method of any of claims 12 wherein the ozone is introduced in a pulsed manner.

20. A method of treating a site contaminated with petroleum compounds comprising:

identifying the amount of bacteria present at the site; and

introducing ozone to the site in an amount insufficient to kill bacteria beyond about one meter of the location of ozone introduction to the site.

21. A method of treating a site contaminated with toxic organic compounds comprising:

obtaining a sample of the site soil, sand or water;

assessing the level of and type of bacteria present in the sample;

introducing bacteria, if insufficient levels of bacteria are present, to the site or an ozonphilic bacteria is not present in the site; and

introducing ozone to the site.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein additional bacteria are introduced if the existing levels are less than about 10,000 cfu/mL in a groundwater sample or less than about 25,000 cfu/gm in a soil sample.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein additional bacteria are introduced if the type of bacteria is not from at least one of the genera Microbacterium, Gordonia (2), Hydrogenophaga, Nocardia, Rodococcus, Spingomonas, Xanthobacteria, Algallgenes (2), Mycobacteria, Rubrivivax, Arthrobacter, Acidovorax, Burkholderia, Variovarax, or Pseudomonas.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein additional bacteria are introduced if the type of bacteria is not from at least one genera of the Microbacterium, the Burkordiua, the Pseudomonas and the Xanthobacteria genera.

25. The method of claim 21 wherein the ozone is introduced in an amount resulting in proliferation of the bacteria population.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein ozone is introduced to the site in an amount in a range of 1 to 300 ppmv to stimulate growth of bacteria in a distal region from the location of ozone introduction to the site.

27. The method of method of claim 21 wherein the toxic organic compounds are petroleum compounds.

28. The method of claim 21 wherein the toxic organic compounds are aromatics, ethers, or alkanes.

29. The method of claim 21 wherein the toxic organic compounds are BTEX, naphthalene, methyl benzenes, benzenes, PAH or TBA.

30. The method of claim 21 wherein the toxic organic compounds are MTBE, ETBE, TAME.

31. The method of claim 21 wherein the toxic organic compounds are large chain alkanes, C11-C22 aromatics, or C8-C36 alkanes.

32. The method of claim 21 wherein the amount of bacteria introduced to the contaminated site is adjusted based on the result of the assessed levels of toxic organic compounds in the sample.

33. The method of claim 21 wherein the amount of bacteria introduced to the contaminated site is adjusted based on the result of the assessed levels of bacteria in the sample.

34. The method of claim 21 adjusting the amount of ozone introduced to the contaminated site according to assessed levels of bacteria in the sample.

35. The method of any of claim 21 wherein ozone is introduced as a gas.

36. The method of any of claims 21 wherein ozone is introduced as a microbubble.

37. The method of any of claims 21 wherein bacterial nutrients are introduced to the site.

38. The method of claim 21 wherein one or more samples of the site soil, sand or water are taken after introduction of ozone;

and the one or more samples are assessed for levels of bacteria in the sample.

39. The method of claim 21 wherein oxygen concentration in the site is maintained at a level to inhibit bacterial growth in within a critical plugging radius to the injection screen, but promote bacterial growth at distances beyond a critical radius about the site of introduction.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein the critical radius is from 0 to 1 meters (with a flow rate of 3 cfm), or 0 to 3 meters (with a flow rate of 10 cfm), meters from the injection screen or diffuser.

41. A system comprises:

a mechanism to deliver ozone into ground water in a soil formation; and

a mechanism to deliver ozonophillic bacteria in the soil formation adjacent to a delivery point of the ozone, to remove contaminants present in the soil formation and/or groundwater.

42. The system of claim 41 wherein the mechanism to deliver the ozone is a diffuser that allows delivery of the ozone.

43. The system of claim 41 wherein the mechanism to deliver the ozone is a diffuser that allows delivery of the ozone and a fluid to the soil formation, with one of the ozone and fluid forming a coating over the other of the ozone and fluid.

44. The system of claim 41 wherein the mechanism to deliver the ozonophillic bacteria is a probe that is disposed in an area that is displaced from the delivery point by an amount to insure that the injected ozone will not substantially destroy the ozonophillic bacteria.

45. The system of claim 41 wherein the system includes a plurality of the mechanisms to deliver the ozone and a plurality of the mechanisms to deliver ozonophillic bacteria.

46. The system of claim 41 wherein the system includes a plurality of the mechanisms to deliver the ozone and a plurality of the mechanisms to deliver ozonophillic bacteria and the plurality of mechanisms are spaced beyond a killing distance from any one of the plurality of mechanisms to deliver the ozone.