Power amplifier

• US 20050088231A1
• Filed: 09/10/2004
• Published: 04/28/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Huettinger Elektronik GmbH + Company KG (TRUMPF SE + Co. KG)
• Original Assignee: Huettinger Elektronik GmbH + Company KG (TRUMPF SE + Co. KG)
• Inventors: Ziegler, Joachim
• Granted Patent: US 7,046,088 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 330/251
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/56 Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/211 using a combination of several amplifiers H03F3/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/217 Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers

Abstract

A power amplifier for generating a sinusoidal high-frequency signal to be supplied to a load includes a current source adapted to supply a constant electrical current during a portion of a period of a fundamental wave, a first driver circuit that generates a first current wave, and a second driver circuit that generates a second current wave, and a filter network. The first driver circuit includes a first switching element adapted to switch at a fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave between a high ohmic state and a low ohmic state to draw current from the current source, a first capacitance connected in parallel to the first switching element, and a first reactive element to phase shift a first periodic signal. The first driver circuit has a first internal resistance. The second driver includes a second switching element adapted to switch at the fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave between a high ohmic state and a low ohmic state to draw current from the current source, a second capacitance connected in parallel to the second switching element, and a second reactive element to phase shift a second periodic signal. The second driver circuit has a second internal resistance. The filter network includes an oscillating circuit that has a capacitor connected in parallel with the load and a first inductor connected in series with the first internal resistance and a second inductor in series with the second internal resistance. The oscillating circuit is tuned to the fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave, and the oscillating circuit is adapted to perform a resistance transformation from the first and second internal resistances of the driver circuits to the load. At least one resistor is arranged between the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit, and a resistance of the resistor is selected to cause a phase correction between the first current wave and the second current wave.

Claims

1. A power amplifier for generating a sinusoidal high-frequency signal to be supplied to a load, the power amplifier comprising:

a current source adapted to supply a constant electrical current during a portion of a period of a fundamental wave;

a first driver circuit that generates a first current wave, the circuit comprising;

a first switching element adapted to switch at a fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave between a high ohmic state and a low ohmic state to draw current from the current source;

a first capacitance connected in parallel to the first switching element; and

a first reactive element to phase shift a first periodic signal,

wherein the first driver circuit has a first internal resistance;

a second driver circuit for generating a second current wave, the circuit comprising;

a second switching element adapted to switch at the fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave between a high ohmic state and a low ohmic state to draw current from the current source;

a second capacitance connected in parallel to the second switching element; and

a second reactive element to phase shift a second periodic signal,

wherein the second driver circuit has a second internal resistance;

a filter network comprising an oscillating circuit comprising a capacitor connected in parallel with the load and a first inductor connected in series with the first internal resistance and a second inductor in series with the second internal resistance, wherein the oscillating circuit is tuned to the fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave and wherein the oscillating circuit is adapted to perform a resistance transformation from the first and second internal resistances of the driver circuits to the load; and

at least one resistor arranged between the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit, wherein a resistance of the resistor is selected to cause a phase correction between the first current wave and the second current wave.

2. The power amplifier of claim 1, further comprising:

a first resistor comprising a first terminal connected between the first inductor and the first driver circuit and a second terminal connected to a star point; and

a second resistor comprising a first terminal connected between the second inductor and the second driver circuit and a second terminal connected to the star point.

3. The power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the current source, the first and second inductors, and the capacitor parallel to the load are connected in a node.

4. The power amplifier of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor between the filter network and the load adapted to filter out a DC component of the signal to be supplied to the load.

5. The power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the current source further comprises a parallel oscillating circuit tuned to the fundamental frequency.

6. The power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the filter network further comprises a second inductor in series with the capacitor and wherein a resonant frequency of the second inductor and the capacitor of the filter network is adapted to attenuate a first harmonic frequency of the fundamental frequency.

7. The power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the filter network is adapted to pass a broadband of frequencies in the range of the fundamental wave while suppressing harmonic frequencies.

8. The power amplifier of claim 7, wherein the filter network further comprises two matching half-sections, wherein each half-section comprises an oscillating circuit having a capacitor in parallel with the load and an inductor in series with the load, wherein each half-section is tuned to the fundamental frequency and wherein the filter network further comprises a capacitor connected in series with the two half-sections for filtering a DC component of the signal.

9. The power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first switching element comprises at least one MOS-FET and wherein the second switching element comprises at least one MOS-FET.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeatedly switching the switching element between the high ohmic state and the low ohmic state with a period in which the switching element is in the high ohmic state for about 60% of the period and is in the low ohmic state for about 40% of the period.

10. A method of generating a sinusoidal high-frequency signal for operating a load, the method comprising:

providing a current source to supply constant electrical current during a portion of a period of a fundamental wave;

switching a first switching element switching at a fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave between a high ohmic state and a low ohmic state to generate a first current wave;

phase-shifting the first current wave with a first reactive element;

switching a second switching element at a fundamental frequency of the fundamental wave between a high ohmic state and a low ohmic state to generate a second current wave;

phase-shifting the second current wave with a second reactive element;

matching a first internal resistance of the first switching element and the first reactive element and a second internal resistance of the second switching element and the second reactive element to a resistance of the load with a matching filter network comprising an oscillating circuit having a capacitor connected in parallel with the load and a first inductor connected in series with the first internal resistance and a second inductor connected in series with the second internal resistance, wherein the oscillating circuit is tuned to the fundamental frequency; and

aligning the phases of the first current wave and the second current wave.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising decoupling a DC component of the signal directly upstream of the load.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising filtering the signal with an oscillating circuit as a filter element tuned to the fundamental frequency to pass the fundamental frequency.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the matching is performed by the matching filter network such that a broadband transmission range forms in the range of the fundamental frequency, and at the same time waves with harmonic frequencies are suppressed.

15. A power generator for driving a load, the power generator comprising:

an input stage;

at least two driver stages downstream from the input stage, wherein each driver stage comprises a power amplifier having a downstream final stage circuit that is interconnected with the other final stage circuits at a star point, and wherein an output terminal of each driver stage is connected in a current node, at which current is fed via a choke or a parallel oscillating circuit and at which a ground capacitor is connected.