Method of authenticating articles, authenticatable polymers, and authenticatable articles

• US 20050110978A1
• Filed: 10/01/2004
• Published: 05/26/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 11/26/2003
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Wu, Pingfan, Schottland, Philippe, Potyrailo, Radislav, Wisnudel, Marc
• Application Number:
  US10/957,518
• Publication Number:
  US 20050110978A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 356/71
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00173 wherein the origin of the content is checked, e.g. determining whether the content has originally been retrieved from a legal disc copy or another trusted source
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 23/281 by changing the physical properties of the record carrier

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for authenticating that an article is an authenticatable article. The method uses an optical tester, the optical tester comprising an electromagnetic radiation source and a detector. The authenticatable article comprises a heat responsive compound having a temperature dependent optical interaction with the electromagnetic radiation source in the presence of a heat stimulus to produce a heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature. The method comprises placing a test portion of the article in interaction with the electromagnetic radiation source of the optical tester, creating a heated portion by exposing the test portion of the article to a heat stimulus sufficient to raise the temperature of the test portion from a temperature T1 to a temperature T2, measuring the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature of the heated portion with the detector, and authenticating that the article is an authenticatable article if the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is present.

Claims

1. A method for authenticating that an article is an authenticatable article using an optical tester, the optical tester comprising an electromagnetic radiation source and a detector, and the authenticatable article comprising a heat responsive compound having a temperature dependent optical interaction with the electromagnetic radiation source in the presence of a heat stimulus to produce a heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature, the method comprising

placing a test portion of the article in interaction with the electromagnetic radiation source of the optical tester

creating a heated portion by exposing the test portion of the article to a heat stimulus sufficient to raise the temperature of the test portion from a temperature T1 to a temperature T2,

measuring the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature of the heated portion with the detector, and

authenticating that the article is an authenticatable article if the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is present.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the optical tester is a data storage media player.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is a laser.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is a laser having a wavelength of about 750 nm to 810 nm.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is a laser having a wavelength of about 600 nm to 680 nm.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is a laser having a wavelength of about 370 nm to 450 nm.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the detector is a photodetector.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat responsive compound has a first optical interaction with the electromagnetic radiation source at a temperature T1 and a second optical interaction with the electromagnetic radiation source at a temperature T2.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the authenticatable article further comprises a heat modulator.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat stimulus is applied externally to the article.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat stimulus comes from the optical tester.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the heat modulator absorbs electromagnetic radiation and converts it to thermal energy.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the heat modulator is at least one of an NIR absorber, a colorant, a UV absorber, inorganic nanoparticles, and combinations of such heat modulating compounds.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the heat stimulus originates from the interaction of the heat modulator and the electromagnetic radiation source.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the authenticatable article is an authenticatable data storage media.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the authenticatable data storage media comprises a read through substrate layer and a reflective layer.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the authenticatable data storage media further comprises one or more additional substrate layers.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the authenticatable data storage media further comprises a bonding layer.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the authenticatable data storage media further comprises a semi-reflective layer.

20. The method of claim 16 wherein the authenticatable data storage media further comprises a heat modulator.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the heat modulator is located on a surface of the read through substrate layer.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein the heat modulator is in the read through substrate layer.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the read through substrate layer is comprised of polycarbonate.

24. The method of claim 18 wherein the heat modulator is in the bonding layer.

25. The method of claim 16 wherein the heat responsive compound is located on a surface of the read through substrate layer.

26. The method of claim 16 wherein the heat responsive compound is in the read through substrate layer.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the read through substrate layer is comprised of polycarbonate.

28. The method of claim 18 wherein the heat responsive compound is in the bonding layer.

29. The method of claim 18 wherein the heat responsive compound and the heat modulator are in the bonding layer.

30. The method of claim 20 wherein the heat responsive compound and the heat modulator are in the read through substrate layer.

31. The method of claim 18 wherein the heat responsive compound and the heat modulator are on the read through substrate layer.

32. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat responsive compound is one of temperature-sensitive inorganic materials, temperature-sensitive organic materials, and combinations of such heat responsive compounds.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the heat responsive compound is a temperature-sensitive inorganic material that is at least one of phosphor, semiconductor quantum dots, anti-stokes shift luminescent compounds, stokes shift luminescent compounds, inorganic salts, and combinations of such temperature-sensitive inorganic materials.

34. The method of claim 32 wherein the heat responsive compound is a temperature-sensitive organic material that is at least one of organic absorbing dyes, organic fluorescent dyes, liquid crystal materials, thermochromic compounds, organic salts, temperature sensitive encapsulated dyes, leuco dyes protected with a thermally labile group, and combinations of such temperature-sensitive organic materials.

35. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat responsive compound is at least one of temperature dependent phase separable polymers, polymers having a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than about 0.1 mm per °

C., and combinations of such heat responsive compounds.

36. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat responsive compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thermochromic compounds, temperature sensitive scattering compounds, compounds having a temperature sensitive refractive index change, compounds having a temperature sensitive dimensional stability, temperature sensitive photo luminescent compounds, temperature sensitive encapsulated dyes, leuco dyes protected with a thermally labile group and combinations thereof.

37. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is at least one of reflected electromagnetic radiation, transmitted electromagnetic radiation, emitted electromagnetic radiation and combinations of such heat induced electromagnetic radiation signatures.

38. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature that is measured by the detector is at least one of intensity, spectral distribution, ratio of intensity, peak position, and combinations thereof.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is reflected electromagnetic radiation.

40. The method of claim 38 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is transmitted electromagnetic radiation.

41. The method of claim 38 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is emitted electromagnetic radiation.

42. The method of claim 37 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is a percentage of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic radiation source of the optical tester reflected by the test portion at a wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation source.

43. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature dependent optical interaction is at least one of absorption, reflection, scattering, luminescence.

44. The method of claim 1 wherein the heating of the test portion creates a heated portion having a change in at least one of the following material properties consisting of electronic absorption, refractive index, birefringence, dimensional stability, luminescence, and combinations thereof.

45. The method of claim 1 wherein T1 is a temperature of about 5 to about 55 degrees C.

46. The method of claim 1 wherein T2 is a temperature of about 35 to about 235 degrees C.

47. The method of claim 1 wherein T1 is a temperature of about 5 to about 55 degrees C. and T2 is a temperature of about 35 to about 235 degrees C.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein T1 is a temperature of about 10 to about 40 degrees C. and T2 is a temperature of about 45 to about 145 degrees C.

49. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of inserting the article into the optical tester.

50. The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature originating from the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation source with the test portion at temperature T1.

51. The method of claim 50 further comprising measuring the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature originating from the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation source with the test portion at temperature T2.

52. The method of claim 1 wherein the article is spinning during the authentication at a rate R between 1 rpm and 40,000 rpm.

53. The method of claim 52 wherein the heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature is measured at a rate R2 that is different from the normal spinning rate of the article R1.

54. The method of claim 53 wherein R1 is smaller than R2.

55. The method of claim 53 wherein R1 is greater than R2.

56. The method of claim 1 wherein the authentication of the authenticatable article can be performed only once.

57. The method of claim 1 wherein the authentication of the authenticatable article can be performed more than once.

58. The method of claim 1 wherein the difference between temperature T2 and temperature T1 is between about 5 to about 200 degrees C.

59. The method of claim 58 wherein the difference between temperature T2 and temperature T1 is between about 5 to about 100 degrees C.

60. An authenticatable polymer comprising

a heat responsive compound having a temperature dependent optical interaction with an electromagnetic radiation source in the presence of a heat stimulus to produce a heat induced electromagnetic radiation signature, and

a heat modulator that absorbs electromagnetic radiation and converts it to thermal energy.

61. The authenticatable polymer of claim 60 that is a substrate polymer.

62. The authenticatable polymer of claim 60 that is a bonding adhesive.

63. The authenticatable polymer of claim 60 that is a coating on a surface of the read through substrate.

64. The authenticatable polymer of claim 60 wherein the heat responsive compound is at least one of the group consisting of temperature-sensitive inorganic materials, temperature-sensitive organic materials, and combinations of such heat responsive compounds and the heat modulator is at least one of the group consisting of a NIR absorber, a colorant, a UV absorber, inorganic nanoparticles, and combinations of such heat modulating compounds.

65. The authenticatable polymer of claim 64 wherein the heat responsive compound is a temperature-sensitive inorganic material that is at least one of phosphor, semiconductor quantum dots, anti-stokes shift luminescent compounds, stokes shift luminescent compounds, inorganic salts, and combinations of such temperature-sensitive inorganic materials.

66. The authenticatable polymer of claim 64 wherein the heat responsive compound is a temperature-sensitive organic material that is at least one of organic absorbing dyes, organic fluorescent dyes, liquid crystal materials, thermochromic compounds, organic salts, temperature sensitive encapsulated dyes, leuco dyes protected with a thermally labile group, and combinations of such temperature-sensitive organic materials.

67. The authenticatable polymer of claim 64 wherein the heat responsive compound is at least one of temperature dependent phase separable polymers, polymers having a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than about 0.1 mm per °

C., and combinations of such heat responsive compounds.

68. The authenticatable polymer of claim 64 wherein the heat responsive compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thermochromic compounds, temperature sensitive scattering compounds, compounds having a temperature sensitive refractive index change, compounds having a temperature sensitive dimensional stability, temperature sensitive photo luminescent compounds, leuco dyes protected with a thermally labile group and combinations thereof.

69. An article comprised of the authenticatable polymer of claim 60.

70. The article of claim 69 that is a data storage media.

71. The data storage media of claim 70 comprising a read through substrate layer and a reflective layer.

73. The data storage media of claim 71 comprising one or more additional substrate layers.

74. The data storage media of claim 73 further comprising a bonding layer.

75. The data storage media of claim 74 wherein the bonding layer comprises the authenticatable polymer.

72. The data storage media of 71 wherein the read through substrate layer comprises the authenticatable polymer.