Method of detecting the presence or the absence of a mobile terminal on a path

• US 20050113111A1
• Filed: 09/16/2004
• Published: 05/26/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WSOU Investments, LLC (WSOU Holdings, LLC)
• Original Assignee: Alcatel SA (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Dupont, Marc, Demathieu, Jean-Georges
• Granted Patent: US 7,430,547 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 455/456.100
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02525 Gathering the radio frequency fingerprints
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

A method is disclosed of tracing a path to be taken by a mobile terminal receiving electromagnetic waves transmitted by transmitter stations, the path being traced by an operating platform, which method comprises a learning phase comprising a taking of the path during which, exclusively on the path, a periodic routine learning recording of successive groups of samples is made in a route memory, a sample comprising at least one value of each of the frequencies received at each of the periodic recordings, and a receive level associated with that frequency, and a comparison of the received levels between a group of p_n samples recorded during a sampling of rank n and one recorded preceding group of rank lower than n, a comparison criterion discriminating between remarkable groups and ordinary groups. The method further comprises an operating phase during which the mobile terminal takes the path, and comprising periodic recording of groups of P_i samples each comprising a value of each of the frequencies received at each recording and a receive level associated with the frequency, comparing each group of samples with one of the remarkable groups of samples, the comparison producing a comparison result, a presence or absence indication on the path to be taken by comparing the comparison result and a comparison criterion, and processing one or more of the presence indications to decide if the mobile terminal is on the path or not.

Claims

1. A method of tracing a path to be taken by a mobile terminal capable of receiving electromagnetic waves transmitted by one or more transmitter stations, said path being traced by an operating platform, which method comprises:

A) a learning phase comprising;

a) an initial reconnaissance of the path during which, exclusively on said path, a periodic routine learning recording of successive groups of samples is made in a route memory accessible by said operating platform, a sample comprising at least one value of each of the frequencies received by said mobile terminal at each geographical position occupied by said mobile terminal at the time of said periodic recording and a receive level associated with said frequency, a periodic recording of rank k comprising a group k of p_k samples, p_k being an integer equal to the number of different frequencies received at the time of said recording, and

b) a comparison of the received levels for a group of p_n samples recorded during a current sampling of rank n and for at least one recorded preceding group of samples of rank lower than n, a comparison criterion discriminating between remarkable groups of samples and ordinary groups of samples, and

B) an operating phase during which said mobile terminal takes said predefined path, said operating phase comprising;

a) periodic routine operating recording of groups of p_j operating samples, an operating sample comprising at least one value of each of the frequencies received by said mobile terminal at each geographical position it occupies at the time of said periodic operating recording and a receive level associated with said frequency, the number P_j of samples being equal to the number of frequencies received during said operating recording of rank j,

b) comparing each group of operating samples with at least one of said remarkable groups of samples, said comparison producing a positive comparison result if, according to the comparison criterion adopted for said learning phase, said comparison result indicates that said current group would have been classified as ordinary,

c) recording a presence indication relating to whether said mobile terminal is on said path to be taken or not in the event of a positive comparison result and otherwise recording an absence indication, and

d) processing one or more of the recorded presence or absence indications to decide if said mobile terminal is on said path to be taken or not.

2. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said group or each of said groups of rank less than n with which said group of rank n is compared to determine whether said group of rank n is a remarkable group or not is a remarkable group, a first remarkable group of lowest rank r being determined other than by comparison with remarkable groups.

3. The method claimed in claim 2 wherein said first remarkable group is the first group to be recorded.

4. The method claimed in claim 3 wherein a remarkable group is determined by comparing the current group and the preceding remarkable group of samples having the highest remarkable group rank r.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein a remarkable group is determined by successive two by two comparison of samples in the last i consecutive groups to be recorded, the last group of samples to be recorded having a rank n and the first of the last i groups having the rank n−

1, said comparison yielding one or more remarkable groups.

6. The method claimed in claim 1 comprising:

a preparatory phase of recording in an operating memory accessible to said operating platform correlation information relating to each of said transmitter stations that may be received within a large geographical area encompassing at least a small geographical area in which said path to be taken is situated, said information alone or where applicable in combination with other prerecorded correlation information enabling correlation for said path to be taken of a frequency received with the identity of the station transmitting that frequency, and

during said learning phase, for said remarkable groups of samples, correlating the levels and the frequencies received with said correlation information recorded during said preliminary phase, said correlation linking each frequency and associated level of said remarkable group with an identifier of a station that transmitted them.

7. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, during said learning phase:

the discrimination criterion for distinguishing a remarkable group from an ordinary group is as follows;

a group is ordinary if at least one or a combination of the following conditions resulting from the comparison of a group of samples of rank n and the last identified remarkable group of samples is satisfied;

according to a first condition;

the number of frequencies received for the current group that are identical to frequencies received for said remarkable group is greater than a fixed percentage a %,

according to a second condition;

the number of frequencies received for the current group that are different from the frequencies received for said comparison remarkable group is less than said fixed percentage b %,

according to a third condition;

there exists a receive level percentage variation below a predetermined percentage threshold between a receive level associated with a frequency of the current group and a receive level associated with the same frequency of one of the samples of said remarkable comparison recording for a fixed minimum percentage c % of frequencies present in the remarkable sample and in the current sample, if the group has not been found ordinary, it is remarkable.

8. The method claimed in claim 7 wherein said learning phase extends over a plurality of passages over said path after the initial recording and if during one of said passages a current group which, given the variation of its rank after the last remarkable group to be recorded, should be an ordinary group is detected, as a function of the criteria employed, as being a remarkable group, then the user is interrogated to find out if he is on said path or not:

if he confirms that he is on the path to be taken, the user is invited to check a response, and

if the response is in the affirmative, at least one of the values comprising the level variation threshold, a %, b % and c % is modified in order for the comparison of the last remarkable group and said current group to yield an ordinary point.

9. The method claimed in claim 6 wherein said correlation information received by said mobile terminal includes information relating to the identity of a station that provides a particular service to said mobile terminal.

10. The method claimed in claim 9 wherein:

the criterion for discriminating between an ordinary group and a remarkable group is as follows;

a group of samples is ordinary if at least one of the following conditions resulting from comparing a current group of samples and the preceding remarkable group of samples is satisfied;

according to a first condition;

the number of frequencies received for the current group that are identical to frequencies received for said remarkable group is greater than a fixed percentage a %,

according to a second condition;

the number of frequencies received for the current group that are different from the frequencies received for said comparison remarkable group is less than said fixed percentage b %,

according to a third condition;

there exists a receive level percentage variation below a predetermined percentage threshold between a receive level associated with a frequency of the current group and a receive level associated with the same frequency of one of the samples of said remarkable comparison recording for a fixed minimum percentage c % of frequencies present in the remarkable sample and in the current sample, if the group has not been found ordinary, it is remarkable,

according to a fourth condition;

it is found for said current group that the identity of said station providing said particular service is not identical to the identity of that which provided it for the comparison remarkable group.

11. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein values of one or more coefficients whose value or value variation is taken into account by said mobile telephone network to determine a change of station providing a particular service to said mobile terminal are recorded during said learning phase.

12. The method claimed in claim 11 wherein said conditions for declaring a group of recordings as remarkable further includes a variation above a fixed threshold of one or more of said coefficients whose value or value variation is taken into account by said mobile terminal to determine a change of a station providing a particular service to said mobile terminal.

13. The method claimed in claim 6 wherein, during said preliminary phase, values or ranges of values of parameters together defining a context space are recorded and, during learning or operating phases or during a preliminary configuration phase, a current situation in said context space is determined and the recording frequency is modified for subsequent recordings as a function of said current situation in said context space.

14. The method claimed in claim 13 wherein said values or ranges of values are chosen from one or more of the following context parameters:

residual battery charge value ranges,

values defining a location quality, and

remaining memory space value ranges.

15. The method claimed in claim 13 wherein the recording frequency is modified for subsequent recordings taking account of the number of frequencies received during a current recording and their respective levels.

16. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, during the acquisition of remarkable groups of samples during said learning phase, an elapsed time from starting out along the path is recorded.

17. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, for each periodic recording of groups of samples, during step 1a of said learning phase, a burst of recordings is made, said burst of recordings comprising a number q of groups of samples recorded periodically at a burst period such that the product of said burst period by the number q of records of said burst of records is less than half the routine period and, for each burst of groups of samples,

the frequencies received and the receive levels corresponding to said frequencies are recorded,

for each of the frequencies found at least once in one of the bursts of q groups, at least one level R_x that may be a minimum receive level R_min, a maximum receive level R_max or a mean receive level R_m is determined and recorded for said burst of groups,

and wherein, a first set of groups having been declared remarkable, a current burst of groups is declared ordinary, i.e. not remarkable, by comparison with the last remarkable set of groups recorded if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:

according to a first condition for comparing bursts of groups,

the number of frequencies received for the current burst of groups that are identical to frequencies received for said remarkable set of groups is greater than a fixed percentage a %,

according to a second condition;

the number of frequencies received for the current burst of groups that are different from the frequencies received for said comparison remarkable burst of groups is less than said fixed percentage b %,

according to a third condition;

for a number t less than or equal to the number of frequencies present both in the current burst of groups and in the preceding remarkable burst of groups, there exists a receive level variation percentage less than a predetermined threshold d % between a receive level associated with the current burst and a receive level of the same kind associated with said comparison remarkable burst.

18. The method claimed in claim 17 wherein the threshold level d % and the number t are functions of the comparison value of the receive level R_x of the comparison remarkable group.

19. The method claimed in claim 6 wherein, during said preliminary phase, a combination of conditions is determined which, if they are satisfied, lead alone or in combination with other conditions to determining a remarkable point, and the values of the percentages a %, b % and c % are determined as a function of:

the quality of service,

the characteristics of the radio network,

the mean length of the paths,

the available memory space, and

the average remaining life of the battery of the mobile.

20. The method claimed in claim 16 wherein, during said operating phase, the result of comparing a current group and the preceding remarkable group is considered positive not only if, according to the comparison criterion adopted for said learning phase, the comparison result leads to determining that said current group would have been classed as ordinary, but also if the time elapsed since starting out on the path in the operating to reach said remarkable recording with which the current group is compared is equal, subject to a predetermined plus or minus margin, to the time elapsed during said learning phase from starting out on said path to reach the same remarkable record.

21. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, during the operating phase, a burst of recordings is made for each periodic routine operating recording of groups of samples, said burst of recordings comprising a number q of groups of samples recorded periodically with a burst period such that the product of the burst period by the number q of recordings of said burst is less than half the routine operating period, and wherein, for each of the bursts of groups of samples:

the frequencies received and the receive levels corresponding to those frequencies are recorded, and

for each of the frequencies found at least once in one of the bursts of q groups, at least one receive level R_x that may be a minimum receive level R_min, a maximum receive level R_max or a mean receive level R_m is determined and recorded for said set of groups,

and wherein a comparison result is positive if the comparison criteria applied for this comparison would have led, during the learning phase, to an ordinary group of samples, the receive levels of a remarkable group of samples that has not been determined by a learning burst record being considered in this case as constituting simultaneously a maximum level, a minimum level and a mean level.

22. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, if none of the comparison results is positive, the comparison of the current group of samples with each of the other remarkable groups is resumed, a positive comparison result for the current group and one of the remarkable groups leading to a presence indication, and a non-presence indication is produced if none of the comparisons leads to a positive result.

23. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, if none of the comparison results is positive, the comparison of the current group of samples with each of the other remarkable groups is resumed, a positive comparison result for the current group and one of the remarkable groups leading to a presence indication, and if none of the comparisons leads to a positive result, the comparison with the remarkable groups is resumed for a number h of subsequent operating groups and a presence indication is delivered if the ratio between h and the number of positive comparison results from the comparison with the h groups of operating samples for which a comparison has been effected is above a predetermined threshold, and a non-presence indication is delivered otherwise.

24. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, if none of the comparison results is positive, the comparison of the current group of samples with each of the other remarkable groups is resumed, a positive comparison result for the current group and one of the remarkable groups leading to a presence indication, and if none of the comparisons leads to a positive result, the comparison with the noteworthy groups is resumed for a number h of subsequent operating groups and a presence indication is delivered if the ratio between h and the number of positive comparison results from the comparison with the h groups of operating samples for which a comparison has been effected is above a predetermined threshold, and if there is further noted a coherent progression of the rank of the remarkable groups for which a positive comparison result has been recorded, and a non-presence indication is delivered otherwise.

25. The method claimed in claim 23 wherein the number h is defined taking into account a service value contained in the context data recorded beforehand.

26. The method claimed in claim 1comprising a step of deleting the recordings of ordinary groups of samples.

27. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein, during said learning phase, account is taken of the number of frequencies received for each of the current groups of samples and if this number falls to 0, indicating a shadow area of the telephone network, a counter of current groups of samples for which this number is equal to 0 is incremented and an operator of the network is sent a shadow area detection message after the first group of current samples for which the number of frequencies received is greater than 0.

28. A computer program comprising data processing program code means adapted to execute all the steps of claim 1 when said program is executed on a computer which may be located in a mobile terminal or a server.

29. The computer program claimed in claim 28 incorporated in a computer readable medium.

30. The computer program claimed in claim 28 incorporated into a plurality of computer readable media, each medium containing computer readable instructions, said instructions being adapted to execute some of steps of said method, and connection instructions for sending data or instructions to the external environment.

31. A digital data medium or set of digital data media containing a program for executing the steps of the method as claimed in claim 1.

32. Use of the method as claimed in claim 1 wherein remarkable points covering a predetermined area are recorded, said operating phase of said method is awakened periodically, and information is transmitted to said mobile terminal if application of said method according to the invention leads to considering that said mobile terminal is in said predetermined area.