Electrode systems for electrochemical sensors
First Claim
1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
- a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte;
an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and
an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to generate oxygen, wherein the auxiliary electrode is situated such that the oxygen generated diffuses to the enzyme or to the electroactive surface.
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Abstract
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for improved electrochemical measurement of analytes. The preferred embodiments employ electrode systems including an analyte-measuring electrode for measuring the analyte or the product of an enzyme reaction with the analyte and an auxiliary electrode configured to generate oxygen and/or reduce electrochemical interferants. Oxygen generation by the auxiliary electrode advantageously improves oxygen availability to the enzyme and/or counter electrode; thereby enabling the electrochemical sensors of the preferred embodiments to function even during ischemic conditions. Interferant modification by the auxiliary electrode advantageously renders them substantially non-reactive at the analyte-measuring electrode, thereby reducing or eliminating inaccuracies in the analyte signal due to electrochemical interferants.
578 Citations
31 Claims
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1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte;
an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and
an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to generate oxygen, wherein the auxiliary electrode is situated such that the oxygen generated diffuses to the enzyme or to the electroactive surface. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte;
an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and
an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to modify an electrochemical interferant such that the electrochemical interferent is rendered substantially electrochemically non-reactive at the working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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20. The electrochemical sensor of claim 20, wherein the polymer comprises a material that is impermeable to glucose but is permeable to oxygen and interferants.
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28. An electrochemical sensor comprising:
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an electroactive surface configured to measure an analyte; and
an auxiliary interferant-modifying electrode configured to modify an electrochemical interferant such that the electrochemical interferant is rendered substantially non-reactive at the electroactive surface. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31)
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Specification