Handheld transdermal drug delivery and analyte extraction
First Claim
1. Apparatus for application to skin of a subject, comprising:
- a board having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface comprising a plurality of ablation electrodes, which are adapted to be applied to the skin, and the second surface comprising one or more contact pads, each one of the contact pads electrically coupled to at least one of the ablation electrodes;
one or more driving electrodes;
an energy applicator, coupled to the driving electrodes, the energy applicator adapted to pass the driving electrodes over the contact pads;
a power source, adapted to drive a current from the driving electrodes, to the contact pads, to the ablation electrodes, capable of ablating at least a portion of stratum corneum of the skin in a vicinity of the ablation electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
Apparatus (20) for application to skin of a subject is provided. The apparatus includes a board (30) having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface including a plurality of ablation electrodes (41), which are adapted to be applied to the skin, and the second surface including one or more contact pads (32), each one of the contact pads electrically coupled to at least one of the ablation electrodes. The apparatus further includes one or more driving electrodes (28). An energy applicator (e.g., motor 22), coupled to the driving electrodes, is adapted to pass the driving electrodes over the contact pads. A power source (e.g., power unit 102) is adapted to drive a current from the driving electrodes, to the contact pads, and to the ablation electrodes. The current is capable of ablating at least a portion of stratum corneum of the skin in a vicinity of the ablation electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance.
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Citations
124 Claims
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1. Apparatus for application to skin of a subject, comprising:
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a board having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface comprising a plurality of ablation electrodes, which are adapted to be applied to the skin, and the second surface comprising one or more contact pads, each one of the contact pads electrically coupled to at least one of the ablation electrodes;
one or more driving electrodes;
an energy applicator, coupled to the driving electrodes, the energy applicator adapted to pass the driving electrodes over the contact pads;
a power source, adapted to drive a current from the driving electrodes, to the contact pads, to the ablation electrodes, capable of ablating at least a portion of stratum corneum of the skin in a vicinity of the ablation electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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35. Apparatus for application to skin of a subject, comprising:
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a contact board having a first contact board surface and a second contact board surface, the first contact board surface comprising one or more contact board contacts, and the second contact board surface comprising one or more contact pads, each contact pad electrically coupled to at least one of the contact board contacts;
an electrode cartridge removably coupled to the contact board, the electrode cartridge having a first cartridge surface and a second cartridge surface, the first cartridge surface comprising a plurality of ablation electrodes, which are adapted to be applied to the skin, and the second cartridge surface comprising one or more cartridge contacts, each cartridge contact electrically coupled to at least one of the ablation electrodes, such that when the electrode cartridge is coupled to the contact board, at least a portion of the contact board contacts come into electrical contact with at least a portion of the cartridge contacts;
one or more driving electrodes;
an energy applicator, coupled to the driving electrodes, the energy applicator adapted to pass the driving electrodes over the contact pads; and
a power source, adapted to drive a current from the driving electrodes, to the contact pads, to the contact board contacts, to the cartridge contacts, to the ablation electrodes, capable of ablating at least a portion of stratum corneum of the skin in a vicinity of the ablation electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71)
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72. Apparatus for application to skin of a subject, comprising:
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a board, having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface comprising a plurality of conductors, adapted to be brought in contact with the skin, and the second surface comprising a plurality of contact pads, each of the contact pads electrically coupled to at least one of the conductors;
a power unit, having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal adapted to be electrically coupled in sequence to at least a portion of the contact pads at least a portion of the time, the power unit adapted to drive a current from the contact pads to the conductors, capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin in a vicinity of the conductors, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance;
a conductive element, adapted to be electrically coupled to the second terminal and substantially electrically isolated from the contact pads; and
a dielectric having first and second dielectric surfaces thereof, the first dielectric surface adapted to be coupled to the conductive element and the second dielectric surface adapted to be coupled to the conductors, such that, during a given ablation application period, when the first terminal is in electrical contact with a first set comprising one or more of the contact pads, and the power unit drives a current into the first set, a second set comprising one or more of the conductors, which are electrically isolated during the given ablation application period from all of the contact pads in the first set, function as a capacitive electrical return path for the current via the dielectric to the second terminal. - View Dependent Claims (73, 74, 75, 76, 77)
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- 78. Apparatus comprising a housing and a set of two or more wires coupled to the housing, each wire having two ends and an intermediate portion, the wires supported by the housing, bent and crossed with one another at the intermediate portion of each wire, so that the intermediate portions of the wires touch each other and so that all of the ends of the wires substantially form a plane, the ends configured to function as electrodes for ablating stratum corneum of skin of a subject when applied to the skin.
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82. Apparatus for ablating stratum corneum, comprising:
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a housing;
a set of two or more wires coupled to the housing, each wire having two ends and an intermediate portion, the wires supported by the housing so as not to touch each other; and
a coupling element, electrically coupled to the intermediate portion of each of the wires, so that all of the ends of the wires substantially form a plane, the ends configured to function as electrodes for ablating stratum corneum of skin of a subject when applied to the skin. - View Dependent Claims (83, 84)
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- 85. A method for facilitating transport of a substance through an area of skin of a subject, the area defining a set of ablation sites, the method comprising driving current in a sequence into more than one of the ablation sites, the current being capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin in the ablation sites, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of the substance, the sequence being configured such that, during successive first, second, and third time periods the current is driven into respective first, second, and third ones of the ablation sites, the first ablation site being non-adjacent to the second ablation site, and the second ablation site being non-adjacent to the third ablation site.
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92. Apparatus for facilitating transport of a substance through an area of skin of a subject, the area defining a set of ablation sites, the apparatus comprising:
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a plurality of electrodes, which are adapted to be placed in contact with the area of the skin at the ablation sites; and
a control unit, adapted to drive, during successive first, second, and third time periods, a current capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin to a first one, a second one, and a third one of the electrodes, the first one of the electrodes being non-adjacent to the second one of the electrodes, and the second one of the electrodes being non-adjacent to the third one of the electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of the substance. - View Dependent Claims (93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98)
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99. A method for facilitating transport of a substance through skin of a subject, comprising:
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applying calibration electrical energy between a first and a second site on the skin, the calibration electrical energy configured such that stratum corneum of the skin is substantially not ablated;
measuring a parameter of the calibration electrical energy;
determining, responsive to the measured parameter, a level of ablating electrical energy capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin; and
applying the ablating electrical energy at the determined level to at least a portion of the skin, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of the substance. - View Dependent Claims (100, 101, 102, 103, 104)
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105. Apparatus for facilitating transport of a substance through skin of a subject, comprising:
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a plurality of electrodes, which are adapted to be placed in contact with the skin; and
a control unit, adapted to;
apply calibration electrical energy between a first one and a second one of the electrodes, the calibration electrical energy configured such that stratum corneum of the skin is substantially not ablated, measure a parameter of the calibration electrical energy, determine, responsive to the measured parameter, a level of ablating electrical energy capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin, and apply the ablating electrical energy at the determined level to at least a portion of the skin, using at least a portion of the electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of the substance. - View Dependent Claims (106, 107, 108, 109, 110)
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111. Apparatus for application to skin of a subject, comprising:
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a handle;
an electrode cartridge comprising electrodes which are adapted to be brought in contact with the skin;
a pivot joint coupled to the handle;
a floating element coupled to the handle by the pivot joint and coupled to the electrode cartridge; and
a control unit, adapted to detect a displacement of the floating element when force is applied to the electrode cartridge by the skin, and, responsive thereto, to drive through the electrodes current capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance. - View Dependent Claims (112, 113, 114)
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115. Packaging for storing an electrode-containing element having a plurality of skin-contact electrodes disposed on a skin-contact surface of the element so as to substantially define a skin-contact plane, the packaging comprising:
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a removable cover, disposed so as to substantially define a cover plane; and
a container, shaped so as to define an element indentation therein, the element indentation having a bottom surface and shaped to hold the electrode-containing element in a position such that the cover plane and the skin-contact plane of the electrode-containing element form an angle of greater than 5 degrees and less than 90 degrees when the electrode-containing element is stored in the packaging. - View Dependent Claims (116, 117, 118)
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119. Apparatus for application to skin of a subject, comprising:
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a plurality of ablation electrodes, which are adapted to be placed in contact with the skin so as to provide electrical contact with the skin;
at least two driving electrodes, adapted to be passed across the ablation electrodes, so as to create electrical contact between respective ones of the driving electrodes and the ablation electrodes; and
a power source, adapted to drive a first one of the driving electrodes to apply current capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin to a first set of at least one of the ablation electrodes, and to drive a second one of the driving electrodes to apply current capable of ablating stratum corneum of the skin to a second set of at least one of the ablation electrodes, so as to facilitate transdermal transport of a substance. - View Dependent Claims (120, 121, 122, 123, 124)
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Specification