Generating a mathematical model for diabetes
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, comprising:
- determining the virtual patient'"'"'s basal hepatic production (FPG0);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level (I); and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s FPG at time t by solving the differential equation FPG(t)=FPG01(I*E), wherein E is a value representing efficiency of insulin use.
5 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A mathematical model specifically for diabetes may be generated which may be continuous in time, in that there are no discrete time steps, and any event can occur at any times. The model may be generated using differential equations, object oriented programming, and features. The model may be used to simulate patients who have contracted or may contract type 1 or type 2 diabetes, which greatly improves the efficiency of treating patients and designing clinical trials.
44 Citations
60 Claims
-
1. A method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s basal hepatic production (FPG0);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level (I); and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s FPG at time t by solving the differential equation FPG(t)=FPG01(I*E), wherein E is a value representing efficiency of insulin use. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
-
-
11. A method for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes, comprising:
-
representing the virtual patient'"'"'s genetic propensity to develop type 1 diabetes by a family history value famhis;
determining if the virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes at time t by solving the differential equation DF1(t)=(1−
exp(−
exp(a+bt+ct2+dt3+et4+ft5))*famhis)/ξ
1, wherein a, b, c, d, e, and f are constants and ξ
1 is a random value.
-
-
12. A method for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes, comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s relative risk associated with body mass index (RBMI);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s impaired glucose tolerance level (IGT); and
determining if the virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes at time t by solving the differential equation wherein a, b, and c are constants. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14)
-
-
15. A method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), comprising:
-
determining said virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG); and
calculating said virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c by solving the equation HbA1c(FPG)=a*FPG−
b, wherein a and b are constants.
-
-
16. A method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose (RPG), comprising:
-
determining said virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG); and
calculating said virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose by solving the equation RPG(FPG)=(a+b/(1+exp(−
(FPG−
c)d)))*expΔ
RPG, wherein a, b, c, and dare constants, and Δ
RPG is an uncertainty value.
-
-
17. A method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t, comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s body mass index (BMI);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s systolic blood pressure (SBP);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s triglyceride level (TRI); and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t by solving the equation;
OGT(t)=a*FPG(t)+bt+cBMI(t)+dSBP(t)+eTRI(t)−
f+VAROGT. - View Dependent Claims (18)
-
-
19. A method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x, comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG);
determining a standard deviation (SDthirst) of the degree of thirst experienced by an individual; and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x and age t by solving the equation
-
-
20. A method for estimating the probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events (DKAtime) for a virtual patient, comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level if left untreated; and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events by solving the equation DKAtime=Max(a/(1+exp(Iuntreated−
b)/c)d), wherein a, b, c, and d are constants.
-
-
21. A method for estimating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event (HypoGlyRate) in a virtual patient, comprising:
-
determining a fractional change in the insulin level of the virtual patient (FractΔ
insulin); and
calculating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event by solving the equation HypoGlyRate(FractΔ
insulin)=a/(1+exp−
(FractΔinsulin −
b)tc).
-
-
22. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient basal hepatic production determiner;
a virtual patient insulin level determiner; and
a virtual patient FPG level calculator coupled to said virtual patient basal hepatic production determiner and to said virtual patient insulin level determiner.
-
-
23. An apparatus for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient genetic propensity to develop type 1 diabetes representer; and
a virtual patient type 1 diabetes determiner coupled to said virtual patient genetic propensity to develop type 1 diabetes representer.
-
-
24. An apparatus for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient relative risk associated with body mass index determiner;
a virtual patient impaired glucose tolerance level determiner; and
a virtual patient type 2 diabetes determiner coupled to said virtual patient relative risk associated with body mass index determiner and to said virtual patient impaired glucose tolerance level determiner.
-
-
25. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner; and
a virtual patient hemoglobin A1c calculator coupled to said virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner.
-
-
26. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner; and
a virtual patient randomly measured blood glucose calculator coupled to said virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner.
-
-
27. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner;
a virtual patient body mass index determiner;
a virtual patient systolic blood pressure determiner;
a virtual patient triglyceride level determiner; and
a virtual patient tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t calculator coupled to said virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner, said virtual patient body mass index determiner;
said virtual patient systolic blood pressure determiner, and said virtual patient triglyceride level determiner.
-
-
28. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner;
a standard deviation of the degree of thirst experienced by an individual determiner; and
a virtual patient thirst level at time x and age t calculator coupled to said virtual patient fasting plasma glucose determiner and to said standard deviation of the degree of thirst experienced by an individual determiner.
-
-
29. An apparatus for estimating the probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events for a virtual patient, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient untreated insulin level determiner; and
a virtual patient probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events calculator coupled to said virtual patient untreated insulin level determiner.
-
-
30. An apparatus for estimating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event in a virtual patient, the apparatus comprising:
-
a virtual patient insulin level fractional change determiner; and
a probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event calculator coupled to said virtual patient insulin level fractional change determiner.
-
-
31. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, the apparatus comprising:
-
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s basal hepatic production (FPG0);
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level (I); and
means for calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s FPG at time t by solving the differential equation FPG(t)=FPG0/(I*E), wherein E is a value representing efficiency of insulin use. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
-
-
41. An apparatus for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes, the apparatus comprising:
-
means for representing the virtual patient'"'"'s genetic propensity to develop type 1 diabetes by a family history value famhis;
means for determining if the virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes at time t by solving the differential equation DF1(t)=(1−
exp(−
exp(a+bt+ct2+dt3+et4+ft5))*famhis)/ξ
1, wherein a, b, c, d, e, and f are constants and ξ
1 is a random value.
-
-
42. An apparatus for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes, the apparatus comprising:
-
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s relative risk associated with body mass index (RBMI);
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s impaired glucose tolerance level (IGT); and
means for determining if the virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes at time t by solving the differential equation wherein a, b, and c are constants. - View Dependent Claims (43, 44)
-
-
45. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), comprising:
-
means for determining said virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG); and
means for calculating said virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c by solving the equation HbA1c(FPG)=a*FPG−
b, wherein a and b are constants.
-
-
46. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose (RPG), the apparatus comprising:
-
means for determining said virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG); and
means for calculating said virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose by solving the equation RPG(FPG)=(a+b/(1+exp(−
(FPG−
c)d)))*expΔ
RPG, wherein a, b, c, and d are constants, and Δ
RPG is an uncertainty value.
-
-
47. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t, comprising:
-
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG);
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s body mass index (BMI);
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s systolic blood pressure (SBP);
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s triglyceride level (TRI); and
means for calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t by solving the equation;
OGT(t)=a*FPG(t)+bt+cBMI(t)+dSBP(t)+eTRI(t)−
f+VAROGT - View Dependent Claims (48)
-
-
49. An apparatus for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x, the apparatus comprising:
-
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG);
means for determining a standard deviation (SDthirst) of the degree of thirst experienced by an individual; and
means for calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x and age t by solving the equation
-
-
50. An apparatus for estimating the probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events (DKAtime) for a virtual patient, comprising:
-
means for determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level if left untreated; and
means for calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events by solving the equation DKAtime=Max(a/(1+exp(Iuntreated−
b)/c)d), wherein a, b, c, and d are constants.
-
-
51. An apparatus for estimating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event (HypoGlyRate) in a virtual patient, comprising:
-
means for determining a fractional change in the insulin level of the virtual patient (FractΔ
insulin); and
means for calculating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event by solving the equation HypoGlyRate(FractΔ
insulin)=a/(1+exp−
(FractΔinsulin −
b)/c).
-
-
52. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, the method comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s basal hepatic production (FPG0);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level (I); and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s FPG at time t by solving the differential equation FPG(t)=FPG0/(I*E), wherein E is a value representing efficiency of insulin use.
-
-
53. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes, the method comprising:
-
representing the virtual patient'"'"'s genetic propensity to develop type 1 diabetes by a family history value famhis;
determining if the virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 1 diabetes at time t by solving the differential equation DF1(t)=(1-exp(−
exp(a+bt+Ct2+dt3+et4+ft5))*famhis)/ν
1, wherein a, b, c, d, e, and f are constants and ξ
1 is a random value.
-
-
54. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating if a virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes, the method comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s relative risk associated with body mass index (RBMI);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s impaired glucose tolerance level (IGT); and
determining if the virtual patient has developed symptoms of type 2 diabetes at time t by solving the differential equation wherein a, b, and c are constants.
-
-
55. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), the method comprising:
-
determining said virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG); and
calculating said virtual patient'"'"'s hemoglobin A1c by solving the equation HbA1c(FPG)=a*FPG−
b, wherein a and b are constants.
-
-
56. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose (RPG), the method comprising:
-
determining said virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG); and
calculating said virtual patient'"'"'s randomly measured blood glucose by solving the equation RPG(FPG)=(a+b/(1+exp(−
(FPG−
c)d)))*expΔ
RPG, wherein a, b, c, and d are constants, and Δ
RPG is an uncertainty value.
-
-
57. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t, the method comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s body mass index (BMI);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s systolic blood pressure (SBP);
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s triglyceride level (TRI); and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s tolerance to an oral glucose load at age t by solving the equation;
OGT(t)=a*FPG(t)+bt+cBMI(t)+dSBP(t)+eTRI(t)−
f+VAROGT
-
-
58. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating a virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x, the method comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s fasting plasma glucose (FPG);
determining a standard deviation (SDthirst) of the degree of thirst experienced by an individual; and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s thirst level at time x and age t by solving the equation
-
-
59. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating the probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events (DKAtime) for a virtual patient, the method comprising:
-
determining the virtual patient'"'"'s insulin level if left untreated; and
calculating the virtual patient'"'"'s probability of occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis events by solving the equation DKAtime=Max(a/(1+exp(Iuntreated−
b)/c)d), wherein a, b, c, and d are constants.
-
-
60. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for estimating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event (HypoGlyRate) in a virtual patient, the method comprising:
-
determining a fractional change in the insulin level of the virtual patient (FractΔ
insulin); and
calculating the probability of a moderate or severe hypoglycemic event by solving the equation HypoGlyRate(FractΔ
insulin)=a/(1+exp−
(FractΔinsulin −
b)tc).
-
Specification