Waveguide comprising scattered light detectable particles
First Claim
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1. A waveguide comprising a first optically transmissive material that forms an interface with a second optically transmissive material, wherein the refractive index of said second material is greater than or equal to the refractive index of said first material;
- and one or more populations of scattered light detectable particles of a dimension between about 1 and about 500 nm inclusive that are bound to an analyte, wherein said particles are distributed in said second material such that said particles are illuminated by non-evanescent light and produce detectable scattered light in said waveguide.
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Abstract
A waveguide comprising light scattering particles is described. The invention encompasses methods of making the waveguide, using the waveguide in analyte assays, and apparatus for detection of light scattered by light scattering particles in the waveguide.
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Citations
48 Claims
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1. A waveguide comprising
a first optically transmissive material that forms an interface with a second optically transmissive material, wherein the refractive index of said second material is greater than or equal to the refractive index of said first material; - and
one or more populations of scattered light detectable particles of a dimension between about 1 and about 500 nm inclusive that are bound to an analyte, wherein said particles are distributed in said second material such that said particles are illuminated by non-evanescent light and produce detectable scattered light in said waveguide. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A method for detecting an analyte in a sample comprising the steps of:
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(a) contacting said sample with one or more populations of scattered light detectable particles that bind to said analyte, wherein said particles are of a dimension between 1 and 500 nm inclusive;
(b) forming a planar waveguide comprising an interface between a first optically transmissive layer and a second optically transmissive layer, wherein said particles are present in said second layer, and wherein the refractive index of said second layer is greater than or equal to the refractive index of said first layer;
(c) illuminating said particles in said waveguide with non-evanescent light under conditions which produces scattered light from said particles; and
(d) detecting light scattered by (i) said populations of particles bound with analyte;
or (ii) said populations of particles not bound with analyte;
or (iii) both (i) and (ii), as a measure of the presence of said analyte in said sample. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. An apparatus for illuminating a planar waveguide and detecting scattered light produced by scattered light detectable particles in said waveguide, comprising:
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a planar waveguide in a holder adapted to hold said waveguide;
an illumination system comprising a light source directed at said waveguide; and
a scattered light detection system cooperating with said holder and illumination system to detect light scattered from said particles, wherein said waveguide comprises a first optically transmissive layer that forms an interface on at least one side with a second optically transmissive layer, such that scattered light detectable particles in said waveguide are illuminated by non-evanescent light. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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Specification