Methods of indirectly stimulating the vagus nerve with an electrical field
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Abstract
Controlled cessation of heart beat during coronary bypass surgery and other cardiac surgeries on a beating heart improves surgical technique, and is achieved typically by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and administration of a combination of drugs.
195 Citations
54 Claims
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1-32. -32. (canceled)
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33. A method of stimulating a vagus nerve a patient, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode into an esophagus of the patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of the patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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34. A method of stimulating a vagus nerve of a patient, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode into an esophagus of the patient;
placing a second electrode on a neck of the patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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35. A method of stimulating a vagus nerve of a patient, comprising:
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placing a first electrode on a neck of the patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of the patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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36. A method of performing a medical procedure on a patient, comprising:
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administering to the patient a pharmaceutical agent selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker;
placing at least one electrode on a neck of the patient; and
actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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37. A method of performing a medical procedure on a patient, comprising:
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administering to the patient a pharmaceutical agent selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker;
inserting at least one electrode in a trachea of the patient; and
actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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38. A method of performing a medical procedure on a patient, comprising:
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administering to the patient a pharmaceutical agent selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker;
inserting at least one electrode in an esophagus of the patient; and
actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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39. A method of performing a medical procedure on a patient, comprising:
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administering a pharmaceutical agent selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker;
inserting at least one electrode in a jugular vein of the patient; and
actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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40. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode into an esophagus of a patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of a patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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41. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode into an esophagus of a patient;
inserting a second electrode on a neck of a patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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42. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode on a neck of a patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of a patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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43. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode into a jugular vein of a patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of a patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an. electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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44. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode into an esophagus of a patient;
inserting a second electrode into an esophagus of a patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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45. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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inserting a first electrode on a neck of a patient;
inserting a second electrode on a neck of a patient; and
actuating at least one of the electrodes to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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46. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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administering one pharmaceutical composition selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker;
inserting at least one electrode on a neck of a patient, and actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates the vagus nerve.
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47. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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administering one pharmaceutical composition selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker, inserting at least one electrode in a trachea of a patient, and actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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48. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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administering one pharmaceutical composition selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker, inserting at least one electrode in an esophagus of a patient, and actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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49. A method for performing beating heart surgery, comprising:
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administering one pharmaceutical composition selected from the group consisting of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker, inserting at least one electrode in a jugular vein of a patient, and actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve.
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50. A method for performing a medical procedure, comprising:
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inserting at least one electrode in a jugular vein of a patient, and actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve;
in combination with at least one drug, wherein the drug is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, or a calcium channel antagonist.
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51. A method for performing a medical procedure, comprising:
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inserting at least one electrode in a jugular vein of a patient, and actuating the at least one electrode to create an electric field which stimulates a vagus nerve;
in the presence of an effective amount of a least one drug to slow down the heart rate, wherein the drug is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, or a calcium channel antagonist.
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52. A composition, comprising an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and a vagus nerve stimulation electrode positioned in at least one location selected from the trachea, esophagus, jugular vein, or on the neck, or some combination thereof.
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53. A composition, comprising an beta-adrenergic receptor blocker and a vagus nerve stimulation electrode positioned in at least one location selected from the trachea, esophagus, jugular vein, or on the neck, or some combination thereof.
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54. A composition, comprising an calcium channel antagonist and a vagus nerve stimulation electrode positioned in at least one location selected from the trachea, esophagus, jugular vein, or on the neck, or some combination thereof.
Specification