Method for a classification guilty knowledge test and integrated system for detection of deception and information
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for detecting deception by a test subject, information possessed by the test subject, or both, the apparatus comprising:
- at least one data output device to provide testing data to the test subject;
at least one data input device to receive responses from the test subject based on the testing data; and
at least one computer, associated with at least one data storage device, and coupled among the at least one data output device and the at least one data input device;
wherein the testing data includes;
known relevant stimuli that are relevant to a specific subject matter related to specific knowledge, events, or actions, and are known to the test subject;
irrelevant stimuli that are irrelevant to the specific subject matter and critical relevant stimuli that are relevant to the specific subject matter and that the test subject does not acknowledge knowing;
wherein the computer receives from the at least one input device, and stores in the data storage device, measurements of the test subject'"'"'s psychophysiological responses to the testing data, wherein the stored measurements permit classifying the test subject'"'"'s responses to the critical relevant stimuli as being more similar to the test subject'"'"'s responses to the known relevant stimuli or more similar to the test subject'"'"'s responses to the irrelevant stimuli to detect deception by a test subject, information possessed by the test subject, or both.
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Abstract
A method for detecting deception or information possessed by a subject is disclosed. A subject is presented with known relevant stimuli, irrelevant stimuli, and critical relevant stimuli. Psychophysiological responses to the stimuli are measured and classified. A conclusion regarding the presence or absence of information is drawn from the classification. Many alternatives are disclosed such as measuring central nervous system responses to enhance the conclusion.
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Citations
51 Claims
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1. An apparatus for detecting deception by a test subject, information possessed by the test subject, or both, the apparatus comprising:
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at least one data output device to provide testing data to the test subject;
at least one data input device to receive responses from the test subject based on the testing data; and
at least one computer, associated with at least one data storage device, and coupled among the at least one data output device and the at least one data input device;
wherein the testing data includes;
known relevant stimuli that are relevant to a specific subject matter related to specific knowledge, events, or actions, and are known to the test subject;
irrelevant stimuli that are irrelevant to the specific subject matter and critical relevant stimuli that are relevant to the specific subject matter and that the test subject does not acknowledge knowing;
wherein the computer receives from the at least one input device, and stores in the data storage device, measurements of the test subject'"'"'s psychophysiological responses to the testing data, wherein the stored measurements permit classifying the test subject'"'"'s responses to the critical relevant stimuli as being more similar to the test subject'"'"'s responses to the known relevant stimuli or more similar to the test subject'"'"'s responses to the irrelevant stimuli to detect deception by a test subject, information possessed by the test subject, or both. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method for detecting deception by a subject, information possessed by the subject, or both, the method comprising:
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presenting a subject with testing data, wherein the testing data includes;
known relevant stimuli that are relevant to specific subject matter, wherein the known relevant stimuli are associated with the specific subject matter and are known to the subject;
irrelevant stimuli that are irrelevant to the specific subject matter; and
critical relevant stimuli that are relevant to the specific subject matter and that the subject does not acknowledge knowing;
receiving data representing the subject'"'"'s psychophysiological responses to the testing data, and, analyzing the subject'"'"'s responses to the critical relevant stimuli as being more similar to the subject'"'"'s responses to the known relevant stimuli or more similar to the subject'"'"'s responses to the irrelevant stimuli, wherein the analyzing at least assists in determining whether the subject'"'"'s responses to the testing data indicate deception or a presence of information known to the subject. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An apparatus for detecting at least one of a) deception, b) guilty knowledge, and c) information possessed by a subject, the apparatus comprising:
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means for presenting the subject with stimuli to be appreciated by at least two senses of the subject;
means for measuring autonomic-nervous-system-based (ANS) psychophysiological responses by the subject in response to at least some of the presented stimuli;
means for measuring central-nervous-system-based (CNS) psychophysiological responses by the subject in response to at least some of the presented stimuli; and
means for analyzing the CNS and ANS responses by combining at least portions of the ANS and CNS responses to facilitate a single determination regarding at least one of a) deception, b) guilty knowledge, and c) information possessed, by the subject. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. A computer-readable medium whose contents embody a data structure for use in detecting deception by a subject, information possessed by the subject, or both, the data structure comprising:
testing data for presentation to the subject, wherein the testing data includes;
at least one known relevant stimulus data structure that represents information relevant to specific subject matter, and wherein the relevant information is known to the subject;
at least one irrelevant stimulus data structure that represents information irrelevant to the specific subject matter; and
at least one critical relevant stimulus data structure that represents information critically relevant to the specific subject matter, and wherein the subject does not acknowledge knowing the critically relevant information. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. A system for detecting deception by a subject, information possessed by the subject, or both, the system comprising:
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at least one input device;
at least one output device;
at least one computer coupled among the input and output devices, wherein the computer is programmed to present the subject with stimuli in at least one of a) the auditory modality and b) the visual modality, via the at least one output device, wherein the stimuli are presented under a predetermined time course;
measure, via the at least one input device, psychophysiological responses to the stimuli by the subject, and timing of the responses based on the predetermined time course; and
process the responses and provide output for use in detecting at least one of a) deception and b) information possessed by the subject, wherein the processing includes the consideration of the timing or time course of the responses. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41)
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42. A method for detection of information possessed by a subject regarding specific subject matter, the method comprising:
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presenting the subject with at least three types of stimuli, including;
target stimuli that are relevant to the specific subject matter, that were encountered by any individuals who participated in events or actions related to the specific subject matter, and that are known to the subject by i) the subject being exposed subsequent to the events or actions to information connecting the target stimuli to the events or actions, or ii) the subject being informed of the target stimuli and their connection to the events or actions before presenting the subject with the at least three types of stimuli;
probe stimuli that are relevant to the events or actions, that were encountered by any individuals who participated in the events or actions, and that the subject does not acknowledge knowing, denies are significant to him, or denies being able to distinguish from irrelevant stimuli with respect to the specific subject matter;
irrelevant stimuli that are irrelevant to the specific subject matter, wherein some of the irrelevant stimuli are similar to the target stimuli and would be indistinguishable from target stimuli by a person lacking knowledge of the specific subject matter, and wherein some of the irrelevant stimuli are similar to and would be indistinguishable from probe stimuli for a person lacking knowledge of the specific subject matter; and
obtaining psychophysiological responses to at least some of the stimuli. - View Dependent Claims (43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49)
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50. A method of at least one of a) interrogation b) negotiation, and c) verbal interaction comprising:
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substantially continuously monitoring at least two of the following different psychophysiological measurements in a human subject during a verbal interaction, without regard to a specific, yes-or-no answer to a question;
a) skin conductance, b) skin resistance, c) measurements of breathing, d) measurements of blood flow, e) plethysmographic measurements, f) cardiovascular measurements, g) blood pressure, h) electrocardiogram (EKG), i) cardiac systolic time intervals, j) measurements involving output of vocal cords during speech, k) voice stress analysis, l) eye measurements, m) eye movement measurements, n) pupil diameter, o) ANS measures, p) CNS measures;
substantially continuously or periodically analyzing the at least two different psychophysiological measurements, wherein the analyzing includes combining the at least two different psychophysiological measurements; and
determining at least one of a) emotional responses, b) emotional state, c) cognitive responses, and d) mental state of the human subject based on the analysis to assist in conducting the at least one of a) interrogation b) negotiation, and c) verbal interaction. - View Dependent Claims (51)
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Specification