Single base extension
First Claim
1. A method of detecting a genetic polymorphism, the method comprising:
- attaching a capture molecule to a solid support in at least one solution channel, wherein the at least one solution channel is in a flowcell and the solution channel is in close proximity with a waveguide;
injecting a sample, a polymerase, and a fluorescently labeled nucleotide into the at least one solution channel, under conditions wherein a single stranded analyte molecule present in the sample is capable of hybridizing to the capture molecule;
hybridizing the single stranded analyte molecule to the capture molecule;
extending the hybridized capture molecule by covalently adding a fluorescently labeled nucleotide to the hybridized capture molecule; and
detecting the presence or absence of the covalently added fluorescently labeled nucleotide.
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Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms can change protein structure and function, altering dispositions to diseases and conditions. A single nucleotide polymorphism is the smallest genetic mutation and the most difficult to detect. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms also make up 90% of known genetic mutations, thus identifying such polymorphisms is essential. Single base extension uses the affinity of one base for its complementary base to detect polymorphisms, including single nucleotide polymorphisms. Planar waveguides are used as the platform for single base extension enabling rapid, real time detection of genetic polymorphisms. Detection limits in the picomolar range can be obtained. Signals from the non-matched DNA bases are in the range of the blank signal. Detection times of 5 minutes are reported.
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Citations
27 Claims
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1. A method of detecting a genetic polymorphism, the method comprising:
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attaching a capture molecule to a solid support in at least one solution channel, wherein the at least one solution channel is in a flowcell and the solution channel is in close proximity with a waveguide;
injecting a sample, a polymerase, and a fluorescently labeled nucleotide into the at least one solution channel, under conditions wherein a single stranded analyte molecule present in the sample is capable of hybridizing to the capture molecule;
hybridizing the single stranded analyte molecule to the capture molecule;
extending the hybridized capture molecule by covalently adding a fluorescently labeled nucleotide to the hybridized capture molecule; and
detecting the presence or absence of the covalently added fluorescently labeled nucleotide. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26)
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17. An assay system to detect a single nucleotide polymorphism, said assay system comprising:
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a capture molecule attached to a solid support in contact with a solution channel, wherein the solution channel is in close proximity with a planar waveguide fluorescent biosensor;
a fluorescence biosensor capable of detecting a single base extension, wherein a single base extension comprises covalently attaching a fluorescently labeled nucleotide by the action of a polymerase to the capture molecule when a single stranded analyte molecule present in a sample is hybridized to the capture molecule. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19)
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20. An enzyme-catalyzed single base extension reaction used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms with planar waveguide fluorescence biosensor technology.
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21. A method of detecting genetic polymorphisms comprising using planar waveguides as the platform for single base extension.
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22. An assay system to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms, said assay system comprising, in combination, a single base extension together with a planar waveguide fluorescent biosensor.
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23. An enzyme-catalyzed single base extension reaction used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms using planar waveguide fluorescence biosensor technology.
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24. A wash-less assay comprising, in combination, a single base extension together with a planar waveguide.
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27. An improved method of conducting a diagnosis using a waveguide, the improvement comprising:
- conducting a fluorescent affinity type assay, single base extension (SBEX), on said waveguide.
Specification