Context free grammar engine for speech recognition system

• US 20050159960A1
• Filed: 02/07/2005
• Published: 07/21/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 07/20/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Schmid, Philipp Heinz, Lipe, Ralph
• Granted Patent: US 7,155,392 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 704/277
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/1822 Parsing for meaning understanding
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/193 Formal grammars, e.g. finite state automata, context free grammars or word networks
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/197 Probabilistic grammars, e.g. word n-grams
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/26 Speech to text systems G10L15/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/28 Constructional details of speech recognition systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1101 Session protocols

Abstract

The present invention includes a context-free grammar (CFG) engine which communicates through an exposed interface with a speech recognition engine. The context-free grammar engine, in one illustrative embodiment, handles loading and unloading of grammars, as well as maintaining a desired activation state of the grammars which are loaded. Further, the CFG engine represents all loaded grammars, and their corresponding activation states, as a single grammar to the speech recognition engine.

Claims

1. A method of managing grammars used in a speech recognition system, comprising:

loading a first grammar in a context-free grammar(CFG) engine;

implementing an engine-independent SR interface between the CFG engine and a speech recognition (SR) engine;

communicating words in the first grammar to the SR engine through the SR interface;

notifying the SR engine, through the SR interface, of rules in the first grammar; and

representing the rules in the first grammar to the SR engine through the SR interface.

2. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:

receiving rule queries from the SR engine through the SR interface; and

providing rule information to the SR engine, through the SR interface, the rule information enabling the SR engine to construct an internal representation of the first grammar.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein providing the rule information includes providing a rule identifier, a rule level indicator indicating a level of a corresponding rule, state information representing states in the corresponding rule and transition information representing transitions in the corresponding rule.

4. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:

loading a second grammar in the CFG engine; and

representing the first and second grammars to the SR engine, through the SR interface, as a single grammar.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein representing the first and second grammars to the SR engine comprises:

communicating words in the second grammar to the SR engine through the SR interface;

notifying the SR engine, through the interface, of rules in the second grammar; and

representing the rules in the second grammar to the SR engine through the interface.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein communicating words in the second grammar to the SR engine comprises:

communicating only new words in the second grammar, not in the first grammar, to the SR engine through the SR interface.

7. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:

implementing an application-independent application interface between the CFG engine and an application.

8. The method of claim 7 and further comprising:

receiving an activation input from the application, through the application interface, indicating which of the rules are to be active; and

providing an activation indication from the CFG engine, through the interface, to the SR engine to indicate which of the rules are active, based on the activation input.

12. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:

determining in the CFG engine whether the first grammar refers to any additional grammars; and

if so, loading the additional grammars in the CFG engine.

13. The method of claim 12 and further comprising:

representing the first and additional grammars to the SR engine, through the SR interface, as a single grammar.

14. The method of claim 13 and further comprising:

communicating words in the additional grammars to the SR engine through the SR interface;

notifying the SR engine, through the SR interface, of rules in the additional grammars; and

representing the rules in the additional grammars to the SR engine through the SR interface.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein communicating words in the first grammar to the SR engine through the SR interface comprises:

providing a word handle to the SR engine identifying each word.

9. (canceled)

10. The method of claim 9 and further comprising:

receiving queries from the SR engine through the SR interface;

and

in response to the queries, providing word and rule information to the SR engine through the SR interface, the word and rule information enabling the SR engine to construct an internal representation of the first grammar with the change.

11. The method of claim 9 and further comprising:

if the content of a rule in the first grammar is not to be changed, but a word or rule is to be added, providing an indication to the SR engine through the SR interface to add the word or rule to the SR engine.

16. A method of parsing a speech recognition result from a speech recognition (SR) engine, comprising:

receiving the result from the SR engine at a context-free grammar (CFG) engine having an interface component exposing methods to implement an engine-independent interface to the SR engine and an application-independent interface to an application; and

parsing the result at the CFG engine to obtain a parsed result; and

providing the parsed result to the application from the CFG engine.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein receiving the result comprises:

receiving a rule identifier identifying a rule in a CFG that spawned the result; and

receiving a plurality of transition identifiers identifying transitions through the rule that spawned the result.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein parsing comprises:

constructing an indication of a parse tree based on the rule identifier and the plurality of transition identifiers; and

providing the indication of the parse tree from the CFG engine to the application through the application-independent interface.

19. A middleware component configured for operation between an application and a speech recognition (SR) engine, comprising:

a context-free grammar (CFG) engine configured to receive a first grammar from the application and represent the first grammar to the SR engine; and

an interface component coupled to the CFG engine, exposing methods to provide an application-independent interface to the application and an engine-independent interface to the SR engine.

20. The middleware component of claim 19 wherein the CFG engine is configured to notify the SR engine, through the interface component, of words in the first grammar.

21. The middleware component of claim 19 wherein the CFG engine is configured to receive a plurality of different grammars and represent the plurality of different grammars to the SR engine, through the interface component, as a single grammar.

22. The middleware component of claim 19 wherein the CFG engine is configured to determine whether the first grammar refers to any additional grammars.

23. The middleware component of claim 22 wherein the CFG engine is configured to load the additional grammars referred to by the first grammar and to represent the first grammar and the additional grammars to the SR engine, through the interface component, as a single grammar.

24. The middleware component of claim 23 wherein the CFG engine is configured to represent the first and additional grammars as a single grammar by providing substantially only word, rule and transition information indicative of words, rules and transitions in the first and additional grammars, regardless of a grammar containing the words, rules and transitions.

25. The middleware component of claim 19 wherein the CFG engine is configured to receive change information indicative of changes to the first grammar and to provide an invalidation output to the SR engine, through the interface, invalidating the first grammar in the SR engine.

26. The middleware component of claim 25 wherein the CFG engine is configured to receive a plurality of queries from the SR engine, through the interface, and to represent the first grammar, with the changes, to the SR engine in response to the queries.

27. A computer readable medium including instructions which, when implemented by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of managing grammars used in a speech recognition system, comprising:

loading a first grammar in a context-free grammar (CFG) engine;

implementing an engine-independent SR interface between the CFG engine and a speech recognition (SR) engine;

communicating words in the first grammar to the SR engine through the SR interface;

notifying the SR engine, through the SR interface, of rules in the first grammar; and

representing the rules in the first grammar to the SR engine through the SR interface.

28. A computer readable medium including instructions which, when implemented by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of parsing a speech recognition result from a speech recognition (SR) engine, comprising:

receiving the result from the SR engine at a context-free grammar (CFG) engine having an interface component exposing methods to implement an engine-independent interface to the SR engine and an application-independent interface to an application; and

parsing the result at the CFG engine to obtain a parsed result; and

providing the parsed result to the application from the CFG engine.

29. A speech processing component, comprising:

a layer configured to implement an application interface for communication with an application and a speech recognition (SR) interface for communication with a SR engine, the layer including a context-free grammar (CFG) engine configured to represent a plurality of grammars to the SR engine, through the SR interface, as a single grammar.

30. The speech processing system of claim 29 wherein the CFG engine is further configured to load the plurality of grammars from one or more applications through the application interface.

31. A method of managing grammars in a speech processing system, comprising:

providing a program component configured to communicate with an application through an application interface and with a speech recognition (SR) engine through an SR interface, the program component including a context-free grammar (CFG) engine; and

representing to the SR engine, with the CFG engine through the SR interface, a plurality of grammars as a single grammar.

32. The method of claim 31 and further comprising:

loading the plurality of grammars into the CFG engine through the application interface.