Skin impedance matched biopotential electrode
First Claim
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1. A Bio-electrode with a biocompatible electrode-to-body interface surface layer providing a body-directed surface, said surface layer having on the basis of a dc analysis a bulk resistivity, as measured in a direction across said surface layer, parallel to the plane of said surface, ranging from 2×
- 10 exp 5 to 10 exp 11 ohm-centimeters and having a reduced tendency for polarization to be formed within an electrolyte layer when present at the electrode-to-body interface and thereby reducing polarization noise.
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Abstract
A bio-electrode for detecting heart signals and the like comprises a dry electode surface having an elevated resistivity to reduce the effect of polarization noise. The electrode is combined with a circuit having an external discharge resistor across which an output signal is obtained wherein the discharge resistor has a value which reduces the time constant of polarization noise to less than one second.
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Citations
25 Claims
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1. A Bio-electrode with a biocompatible electrode-to-body interface surface layer providing a body-directed surface, said surface layer having on the basis of a dc analysis a bulk resistivity, as measured in a direction across said surface layer, parallel to the plane of said surface, ranging from 2×
- 10 exp 5 to 10 exp 11 ohm-centimeters and having a reduced tendency for polarization to be formed within an electrolyte layer when present at the electrode-to-body interface and thereby reducing polarization noise.
- View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 21, 25)
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2. A bio-electrode with a biocompatible electrode-to-body interface surface layer providing a body-directed surface, said surface layer having on the basis of a DC analysis a bulk resistivity ranging from 10 exp 3 to 10 exp 11 ohm-centimeters, as measured in a direction across said surface layer, parallel to the plane of said surface, and having a reduced tendency for polarization to be formed within an electrolyte layer when present at the electrode-to-body interface and thereby reduce polarization noise,
in combination with external circuit components for providing a closed circuit with a closed circuit path extending through the body, the bio-electrode, and the external circuit components, said circuit comprising the following features: -
a) said bio-electrode having an electrode resistance value of Re, b) the circuit including an amplifier resistive element which, together with a high impedance signal sensing circuit connected across such resistive component, has a composite resistance value of Ra, and c) Ra and Re being in series wherein the value for Ra is between 2 Mohm and 5 Gohm. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24)
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Specification