Adaptive electric motors and generators providing improved performance and efficiency

• US 20050184689A1
• Filed: 03/21/2005
• Published: 08/25/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 02/06/2003
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: BluWav Systems LLC (Magna International Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: WaveCrest Laboratories LLC (Magna International Incorporated)
• Inventors: Maslov, Boris A., Pyntikov, Alexander
• Application Number:
  US11/083,901
• Publication Number:
  US 20050184689A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 318/400.410
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/20 AC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/18 Reluctance machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/44 Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 8/00 Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 1/141 consisting of C-shaped cores
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 1/187 to inner stators
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 11/33 Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics H02K11/38 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 16/04 Machines with one rotor and two stators
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 21/22 with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 2213/06 Machines characterised by the presence of fail safe, back up, redundant or other similar emergency arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 2213/09 Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 2213/12 Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 29/00 Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 3/28 Layout of windings or of connections between windings windings for pole-changing H02K17/06, H02K17/14, H02K19/12, H02K19/32
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1838 Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2209/07 Trapezoidal waveform
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 23/0077 Characterised by the use of a particular software algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/08 Reluctance motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/34 Modelling or simulation for control purposes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

An adaptive architecture for electric motors, generators and other electric machines. An adaptive electric machine provides optimal performance by dynamically adapting its controls to changes in user inputs, machine operating conditions and machine operating parameters. Isolating the machine'"'"'s electromagnetic circuits allows effective control of more independent machine parameters, enabling greater freedom to optimize and providing adaptive motors and generators that are cheaper, smaller, lighter, more powerful, and more efficient than conventional designs. An electric vehicle with in-wheel adaptive motors enables delivery of higher power with lower unsprung mass, giving better torque-density. The motor control system can adapt to the vehicle'"'"'s operating conditions, including starting, accelerating, turning, braking, and cruising at high speeds, thereby consistently providing higher efficiency. A wind powered adaptive generator can adapt to changing wind conditions, consistently providing optimal performance. An adaptive architecture may improve performance in a wide variety of electric machine applications, particularly those requiring optimal efficiency over a range of operating conditions.

Claims

1. A multiphase electric machine comprising:

a rotor,

a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements, the plurality of stator core elements being arranged in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element, each group of stator core elements being associated with a corresponding one of the phases of the multiphase machine, the stator core elements in each group being electromagnetically separated from the stator core elements in each other group, and

a controller for controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a weight, wherein the torque and weight define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 20 Nm/kg.

3. The machine of claim 1 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

7. The machine of claim 1 comprising a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

8. The machine of claim 1 comprising a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

9. The machine of claim 1 comprising a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

10. The machine of claim 1 comprising permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

11. The machine of claim 1 comprising a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

12. The machine of claim 1 comprising a power supply located inside a housing.

13. The machine of claim 1 comprising a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

14. The machine of claim 1 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

15. The machine of claim 1 comprising a modifiable energization scheme.

16. The machine of claim 1 comprising software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

17. The machine of claim 1 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

2. A multiphase electric machine comprising:

a rotor,

a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements, the plurality of stator core elements being arranged in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element, each group of stator core elements being associated with a corresponding one of the phases of the multiphase machine, the stator core elements in each group being electromagnetically separated from the stator core elements in each other group, and

a controller for controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a volume, wherein the torque and volume define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 39,000 N/m2.

18. The machine of claim 2 comprising a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

19. The machine of claim 2 comprising a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

20. The machine of claim 2 comprising a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

21. The machine of claim 2 comprising permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

22. The machine of claim 2 comprising a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

23. The machine of claim 2 comprising a power supply located inside a housing.

24. The machine of claim 2 comprising a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

25. The machine of claim 2 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

26. The machine of claim 2 comprising a modifiable energization scheme.

27. The machine of claim 2 comprising software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

28. The machine of claim 2 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

4. A method comprising:

providing a multiphase electric machine comprising at least a rotor and a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements,

arranging the plurality of stator core elements in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element, each group of stator core elements being associated with a corresponding one of the phases of the multiphase machine,

electromagnetically separating the stator core elements in each group from the stator core elements in each other group, and

controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a weight, wherein the torque and weight define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 20 Nm/kg.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

29. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

30. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

31. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

32. The method of claim 4 comprising providing permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

33. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

34. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a power supply located inside a housing.

35. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

36. The method of claim 4 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

37. The method of claim 4 comprising providing a modifiable energization scheme.

38. The method of claim 4 comprising providing software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

39. The method of claim 4 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

5. A method comprising:

providing a multiphase electric machine comprising at least a rotor and a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements,

arranging the plurality of stator core elements in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element, each group of stator core elements being associated with a corresponding one of the phases of the multiphase machine,

electromagnetically separating the stator core elements in each group from the stator core elements in each other group, and

controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a volume, wherein the torque and volume define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 39,000 N/m2.

40. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

41. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

42. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

43. The method of claim 5 comprising providing permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

44. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

45. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a power supply located inside a housing.

46. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

47. The method of claim 5 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

48. The method of claim 5 comprising providing a modifiable energization scheme.

49. The method of claim 5 comprising providing software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

50. The method of claim 5 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

51. A multiphase electric machine comprising:

a rotor,

a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements, the plurality of stator core elements being arranged in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element, and

a controller for controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a weight, wherein the torque and weight define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 20 Nm/kg.

53. The machine of claim 51 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

57. The machine of claim 51 comprising a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

58. The machine of claim 51 comprising a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

59. The machine of claim 51 comprising a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

60. The machine of claim 51 comprising permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

61. The machine of claim 51 comprising a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

62. The machine of claim 51 comprising a power supply located inside a housing.

63. The machine of claim 51 comprising a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

64. The machine of claim 51 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

65. The machine of claim 51 comprising a modifiable energization scheme.

66. The machine of claim 51 comprising software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

67. The machine of claim 51 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

52. A multiphase electric machine comprising:

a rotor,

a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements, the plurality of stator core elements being arranged in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element, and

a controller for controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a volume, wherein the torque and volume define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 39,000 N/m2.

68. The machine of claim 52 comprising a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

69. The machine of claim 52 comprising a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

70. The machine of claim 52 comprising a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

71. The machine of claim 52 comprising permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

72. The machine of claim 52 comprising a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

73. The machine of claim 52 comprising a power supply located inside a housing.

74. The machine of claim 52 comprising a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

75. The machine of claim 52 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

76. The machine of claim 52 comprising a modifiable energization scheme.

77. The machine of claim 52 comprising software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

78. The machine of claim 52 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

54. A method comprising:

providing a multiphase electric machine comprising at least a rotor and a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements,

arranging the plurality of stator core elements in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element,

electromagnetically separating the stator core elements in each group from the stator core elements in each other group, and

controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a weight, wherein the torque and weight define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 20 Nm/kg.

56. The method of claim 54 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

79. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

80. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

81. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

82. The method of claim 54 comprising providing permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

83. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

84. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a power supply located inside a housing.

85. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

86. The method of claim 54 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

87. The method of claim 54 comprising providing a modifiable energization scheme.

88. The method of claim 54 comprising providing software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

89. The method of claim 54 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.

55. A method comprising:

providing a multiphase electric machine comprising at least a rotor and a stator, the stator comprising a plurality of stator core elements,

arranging the plurality of stator core elements in groups, each group of stator core elements comprising at least one stator core element,

electromagnetically separating the stator core elements in each group from the stator core elements in each other group, and

controlling electrical flow in each group of stator core elements independently of electrical flow in each other group,

whereby each phase of the multiphase machine is controllable independently of each other phase, thereby establishing relative rotation between the rotor and the stator at a speed and a torque that are dynamically selectable,

wherein the machine has a volume, wherein the torque and volume define a ratio, and wherein the ratio has a value not less than 39,000 N/m2.

90. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a spine configured to support the stator core elements and wherein the stator core elements are configured to be removable from the spine.

91. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a rotatable shaft in mechanical communication with the machine.

92. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a conductive winding surrounding each stator core element.

93. The method of claim 55 comprising providing permanent magnets of alternating polarity on the rotor.

94. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a rotor position sensor in communication with the controller.

95. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a power supply located inside a housing.

96. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a vehicle configured to receive at least one of motion, energy and force from the machine.

97. The method of claim 55 wherein the machine comprises a motor or a generator.

98. The method of claim 55 comprising providing a modifiable energization scheme.

99. The method of claim 55 comprising providing software implementable means for analyzing operation of the motor and changing energization scheme.

100. The method of claim 55 wherein the machine is operable at a speed ranging between at least 0 RPM and 500 RPM, and at an efficiency that is not less than 80% at every speed between at least 50 RPM and 300 RPM.