Embolization

• US 20050196449A1
• Filed: 03/02/2004
• Published: 09/08/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 03/02/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Casey, Thomas V. II, Dicarlo, Paul, Mangin, Stephan P.
• Granted Patent: US 7,736,671 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 424/486
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/12022 Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires plugging an opening in the wall of an organ A61B17/0057; occluders for the cervical canal A61F6/146; vas deferens occluders A61F6/20
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/12031 complete occlusion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/12036 partial occlusion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/12186 liquid materials adapted to be injected
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/42 Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods ligaturing clamps or clips for the umbilical cord A61B17/122; curettage A61B17/320708; dilators A61M29/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/1205 Introduction devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0019 Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner non-active ingredients are additionally classified in A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/167 with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface with further drug-free outer coating A61K9/5073
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 2300/62 Encapsulated active agents, e.g. emulsified droplets
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 24/0015 Medicaments; Biocides
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 24/0036 Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 24/046 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds A61L24/043 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 2430/36 for embolization or occlusion, e.g. vaso-occlusive compositions or devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 31/04 Macromolecular materials
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 31/14 Materials characterised by their function or physical properties , e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/00 Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2982 Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2998 including synthetic resin or polymer

Abstract

Embolization, as well as related particles, compositions, and methods, are disclosed.

Claims

1. A particle having an interior region and a surface region, a weight percent of a first polymer in the interior region being less than a weight percent of the first polymer at the surface region, the particle having a diameter of from about ten microns to about 3,000 microns.

2. The particle of claim 1, wherein the interior region is substantially devoid of the first polymer.

3. The particle of claim 1, wherein the interior region comprises at most about 50 weight percent of the first polymer.

4. The particle of claim 3, wherein the particle comprises from about 0.1 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the first polymer.

5. The particle of claim 1, wherein the interior region comprises at least about 0.1 weight percent of the first polymer.

6. The particle of claim 1, wherein the surface region comprises at least about 0.1 weight percent of the first polymer.

7. The particle of claim 6, wherein the particle comprises from about 0.1 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the first polymer.

8. The particle of claim 1, wherein the surface region comprises at most about 100 weight percent of the first polymer.

9. The particle of claim 1, wherein the difference between the weight percent of the first polymer in the interior region and the weight percent of the first polymer at the surface region is at least about 30 weight percent.

10. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle has a diameter of at least about 100 microns.

11. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle has a diameter of at most about 2,500 microns.

12. The particle of claim 1, wherein the first polymer comprises a halogenated polymer.

13. The particle of claim 1, wherein the first polymer comprises a fluorinated polymer.

14. The particle of claim 1, wherein the first polymer comprises a backbone and side groups that are more polar than the backbone.

15. The particle of claim 1, wherein the first polymer has a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 15,000.

16. The particle of claim 1, wherein the first polymer is substantially linear.

17. The particle of claim 1, wherein the first polymer has the formula D-B-[O(A-O)_n-B]_m-D, in which O is a first oligomeric segment, B is a first coupling segment, Ais a second coupling segment, D is a polyfluoro oligomeric group, m is from one to 20, and n is from zero to 20.

18. The particle of claim 17, wherein O comprises a member selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyureas, polyamides, polyalkylene oxides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polylactones, polysilicones, polyethersulfones, polyolefins, polyvinyls, polypeptide polysaccharides, and ether and amine linked segments thereof.

19. The particle of claim 17, wherein A comprises a member selected from the group consisting of diamines, diisocyanates, disulfonic acids, dicarboxylic acids, diacid chlorides, and dialdehydes.

20. The particle of claim 17, wherein B comprises a member selected from the group consisting of diamines, diisocyanates, disulfonic acids, dicarboxylic acids, diacid chlorides, and dialdehydes.

21. The particle of claim 20, wherein B further comprises a functional group selected from the group consisting of esters, carboxylic acid salts, sulfonic acid salts, phosphonic acid salts, thiols, vinyls, and secondary amines.

22. The particle of claim 17, wherein D comprises CF₃(CF₂)_pCH₂CH₂—

, wherein p is from two to 20.

23. The particle of claim 17, wherein D comprises CF₃(CF₂)_m(CH₂CH₂O)_q—

, wherein m is from one to 20 and q is from one to ten.

24. The particle of claim 17, wherein the particle further comprises a therapeutic agent.

25. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle further comprises a therapeutic agent.

26. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle further comprises a second polymer.

27. The particle of claim 26, wherein the second polymer comprises a member selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, poly vinyl sulfonates, carboxymethyl celluloses, hydroxyethyl celluloses, substituted celluloses, polyacrylamides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyethers, polystyrenes, polysaccharides, polylactic acids, polyethylenes, polymethylmethacrylates, polycaprolactones, polyglycolic acids, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acids, and combinations thereof.

28. The particle of claim 26, wherein the particle further comprises a therapeutic agent.

29. The particle of claim 28, wherein the therapeutic agent is bound to the first polymer.

30. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle further comprises a polysaccharide.

31. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle is substantially spherical.

32. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle further comprises a coating disposed over the surface region.

33. The particle of claim 32, wherein the coating is bioabsorbable.

34. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle comprises from about 0.25 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of the first polymer.

35. The particle of claim 1, wherein the particle comprises from about 15 weight percent to about 35 weight percent of the first polymer.

36. The particle of claim 1, wherein the interior region has a density of large pores and the surface region has a density of large pores, and the density of large pores of the interior region is greater than the density of large pores at the surface region.

37. A composition, comprising:

a plurality of particles, at least some of the plurality of particles having a diameter of from about ten microns to about 3,000 microns, wherein at least some of the particles having a diameter of from about ten microns to about 3,000 microns have an interior region and a surface region, a weight percent of a first polymer in the interior region being less than a weight percent of the first polymer at the surface region; and

a carrier fluid, the plurality of particles being in the carrier fluid.

38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a saline solution.

39. The composition of claim 37, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a contrast agent.

40. The composition of claim 37, wherein the plurality of particles has an arithmetic mean diameter of about 3,000 microns or less.

41. The composition of claim 37, wherein the plurality of particles has an arithmetic mean diameter of about ten microns or more.

42. The composition of claim 37, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a surfactant.