Polymer ionic electrolytes

• US 20050196676A1
• Filed: 03/04/2005
• Published: 09/08/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: Singh, Rajiv R., Paonessa, Martin R., Shankland, Ian R.
• Granted Patent: US 7,955,738 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/303
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 213/18 Salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/122 Ionic conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0045 Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1023 having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1048 Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1072 by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

Polymeric ionic gels of ionic liquids having melting points below about 100° C. that are formed by the reaction of a heterocyclic amine with about 2.8 and about 3.2 moles of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride per mole of amine nitrogen. Electrochemical devices having non-aqueous electrolytes containing the ionic liquids and polymeric ionic gels are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A polymeric ionic gel comprising an ionic liquid having a melting point less than about 100°

C., formed by the reaction of at least one heterocyclic amine with between about 2.8 and about 3.2 moles of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride per mole of amine nitrogen and an amount of a polyacrylic acid effective to form a gel of said ionic liquid.

2. A polymeric ionic gel according to claim 1, wherein said ionic liquid consists of one heterocyclic amine ionic compound.

3. A polymeric ionic gel according to claim 1, wherein said ionic liquid consists of two or more heterocyclic amine compounds.

4. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, having a specific conductivity between about one and about 600 milli-siemens/cm.

5. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, wherein said heterocyclic amine is a single-ring compound containing from 5-7 ring members, with from one to three ring members being a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein at least one of said heteroatoms is nitrogen.

6. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 5, wherein said heterocyclic amine is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted pyrroles, substituted and unsubstituted pyrazoles, substituted and unsubstituted pyridines, substituted and unsubstituted pyrazines, substituted and unsubstituted pyrimidines, substituted and unsubstituted pyridazines, substituted and unsubstituted thiazoles, substituted and unsubstituted oxyazoles, substituted and un-substituted triazoles, substituted and unsubstituted pyrrolidines, substituted and unsubstituted pyrrolidones, substituted and unsubstituted piperazines, substituted and unsubstituted piperi-dines and substituted and unsubstituted pyrrolines.

7. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 6, wherein said heterocyclic amine is pyridine or a picoline.

8. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, wherein said heterocyclic amine is a multi-cyclic fused ring structure containing from 8 to 14 ring members, with from 1 to 3 ring members being a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein at least one of said heteroatoms is nitrogen.

9. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 8, wherein said heterocyclic amine is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted imidazoles, substituted and unsubstituted quinolines, substituted and unsubstituted quinoxilines, substituted and unsubstituted purines and substituted and unsubstituted isoquinolines.

10. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, comprising between about 2 and about 50% by weight of polymer.

11. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, wherein said polyacrylic acid is a Group I metal salt of a polyacrylic acid.

12. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, wherein said polyacrylic acid comprises an acrylic acid or Group I metal salt thereof copolymerized with one or more vinyl co-monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid alkyl esters, alkyl-branched acrylic acids, alkyl-branched acrylic acid alkyl esters, alkyl-branched acrylic acid Group I metal salts, vinyl halides, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl ethers, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and styrene.

13. The polymeric ionic gel of claim 1, having a melting point less than about 150°

C.

14. An electrochemical device comprising a positive and a negative electrode, both of which are in conductive contact with a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising the polymeric ionic gel of claim 1.

15. The electrochemical device of claim 14, wherein the device is an electrochemical capacitor, photovoltaic device, battery, or a fuel cell.

16. The electrochemical device of claim 14, wherein the device is a potentiometric or voltametric electrochemical sensor.

17. The electrochemical device of claim 14, wherein the device is an electrodeposition device.