Vessel sealing system using capacitive RF dielectric heating

• US 20050197659A1
• Filed: 02/23/2005
• Published: 09/08/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 03/02/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Covidien AG (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Covidien AG (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Bahney, Timothy J.
• Granted Patent: US 7,780,662 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 606/51
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1442 Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1445 at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/2945 Curved jaws
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00136 with polymer
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00345 Vascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00404 Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00619 Welding
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1432 curved
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/147 Electrodes transferring energy by capacitive coupling, i.e. with a dielectricum between electrode and target tissue

Abstract

An electrosurgical system for sealing vessels using capacitive (RF) dielectric heating and a method thereof are provided. The system includes an electrosurgical instrument having an end effector with parallel plate electrodes that will clamp onto a vessel and maintain a specified gap distance; however, the electrodes will be coated with a non-conductive dielectric material. Such an end effector will ensure that direct conduction between the electrodes does not occur through tissue or fluids and effectively creates a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric, e.g., tissue and coating, in between the plates. The electrosurgical instrument will be activated with an AC signal at a specified RF frequency, e.g., a Debye resonance frequency, via an electrosurgical generator. An effective AC current will flow through the tissue and cause heating due to fictional losses from rotating polar molecules in the tissue.

Claims

1. An electrosurgical instrument for sealing tissue comprising:

an end effector having opposing jaw members, the jaw members being movable relative to one another from a first position wherein the jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a second position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween, each jaw member including an electrode having a dielectric coating; and

a source of electrical energy connected to each jaw member such that the jaw members are capable of transferring energy at a predetermined frequency through tissue held therebetween to effect a seal.

2. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the end effector further comprises at least one temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the tissue.

3. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the end effector further comprises at least one non-conductive stop member disposed on an inner facing surface of at least one of the jaw members which controls the distance between the jaw members when tissue is held therebetween.

4. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the predetermined frequency is a Debye resonance frequency of the tissue being sealed.

5. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 4, wherein the end effector further comprise a tissue type sensor for determining a type of tissue to be sealed.

6. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 4, wherein the dielectric coating of the electrodes has a Debye resonance frequency different than the Debye resonance frequency of the tissue.

7. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the dielectric coating is selected from the group consisting of Kapton and tetrafluoroethylene.

8. An electrosurgical system comprising:

an electrosurgical instrument for sealing tissue including an end effector having opposing jaw members, the jaw members being movable relative to one another from a first position wherein the jaw members are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a second position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween, each jaw member including an electrode having a dielectric coating; and

an electrosurgical generator coupled to each jaw member such that the jaw members are capable of transferring energy at a predetermined frequency through tissue held therebetween to effect a seal.

9. The electrosurgical system of claim 8, wherein the end effector further comprises at least one temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the tissue.

10. The electrosurgical system of claim 8, wherein the end effector further comprises at least one non-conductive stop member disposed on an inner facing surface of at least one of the jaw members which controls the distance between the jaw members when tissue is held therebetween.

11. The electrosurgical system of claim 8, wherein the predetermined frequency is a Debye resonance frequency of the tissue being sealed.

12. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, wherein the end effector further comprises a tissue type sensor for determining a type of tissue to be sealed.

13. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, wherein the dielectric coating of the electrodes has a Debye resonance frequency different than the Debye resonance frequency of the tissue.

14. The electrosurgical system of claim 8, wherein the dielectric coating is selected from the group consisting of Kapton and tetrafluoroethylene.

15. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, wherein the electrosurgical generator further comprises a look-up table including a plurality of Debye resonance frequencies, each Debye resonance frequency being correlated to a tissue type.

16. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, wherein the electrosurgical generator further comprises a look-up table including a plurality of Debye resonance frequencies versus temperature curves, and the end effector further comprising a temperature sensor for inputting a signal indicative of tissue temperature to the electrosurgical generator, wherein the generator selects an appropriate Debye resonance frequency based on the temperature sensed.

17. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, wherein the electrosurgical generator further comprises a microprocessor for executing at least one predictive algorithm for determining a shift in the Debye resonance frequency over time.

18. A method for electrosurgically sealing tissue, the method comprising the steps of:

determining a type of tissue to be sealed;

applying RF energy to the tissue, the RF energy being applied at a predetermined frequency based on the type of tissue.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the predetermined frequency is a Debye resonance frequency of the tissue.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising the steps of:

measuring a temperature of the tissue;

determining a shifted Debye resonance frequency based on the measured temperature; and

applying subsequent RF energy at the shifted Debye resonance frequency.

21. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:

determining a shifted Debye resonance frequency based on time of the applied RF energy; and

applying subsequent RF energy at the shifted Debye resonance frequency.