System and method for treating a flue gas stream

• US 20050201914A1
• Filed: 03/07/2005
• Published: 09/15/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/2004
• Status: Active Application

• Current Assignee: American Electric Power Company Incorporated
• Original Assignee: American Electric Power Company Incorporated
• Inventors: Ritzenthaler, Douglas P.
• Application Number:
  US11/073,887
• Publication Number:
  US 20050201914A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 423/230
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/2045 Hydrochloric acid
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/2047 Hydrofluoric acid
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/302 Sulfur oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/40 Acidic components B01D53/44 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/30 of perfluorocarbons [PFC], hydrofluorocarbons [HFC] or sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]

Abstract

The present invention is a system and method for treating a flue gas stream to remove strong acid compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and sulfur trioxide (SO₃) by injecting a sodium sorbent selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium carbonate-bicarbonate, trona ore, mechanically refined trona ore, and trona into the flue gas stream, calcining substantially all of the sodium sorbent in the presence of the flue gas stream to form a soda ash, reducing the concentration of the at least one strong acid compound in the flue gas stream by reacting the at least one strong acid compound with the soda ash to form a sodium based by-product; and changing the chemistry of the flue gas stream to reduce the overall average resistivity of the particulate matter.

Claims

1. A method for treating a flue gas steam, the method comprising the steps of:

combusting a carbonaceous fuel in a combustion furnace to form a flue gas stream, wherein the flue gas stream comprises water vapor, particulate matter, and at least one strong acid compound;

injecting a sodium sorbent into the flue gas stream downstream of the combustion furnace;

calcining substantially all of the sodium sorbent in the presence of the flue gas stream to form a soda ash;

reducing the concentration of the at least one strong acid compound in the flue gas stream by reacting the at least one strong acid compound with the soda ash to form a sodium based by-product; and

changing the chemistry of the flue gas stream to reduce the overall average particulate matter resistivity.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the sodium sorbent is selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium carbonate-bicarbonate, trona ore, mechanically refined trona ore, and trona.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one strong acid is selected from the group comprising HF, HCl, H₂SO₄ and SO₃.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of changing the resistivity of the particulate matter further comprises the steps of increasing the surface resistivity of the particulate matter and decreasing the volumetric resistivity of the particulate matter.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the flue gas stream further comprises SO₂ and SO₃.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein at flue gas stream temperatures below approximately 500 degrees Fahrenheit the SO₃ combines with the water vapor to form H₂SO₄.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one strong acid compound is SO₃ and at least one addition compound selected from the selected from the group consisting of HF and HCl.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the at least one strong acid compound is H₂SO₄ and at least one addition compound selected from the group consisting of HF and HCl.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonaceous fuel is coal.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the coal is high sulfur coal.

11. The method of claim 5 wherein the rate at which the sodium sorbent is injected into the flue gas stream is selected such that the sodium sorbent reacts with substantially all of the SO₃ in the flue gas stream while the concentration of SO₂ in the flue gas stream remains substantially unchanged.

12. The method of claim 5 wherein the rate at which the sodium sorbent is injected into the flue gas stream is selected by monitoring the concentration of the SO₂ in the flue gas stream both upstream or downstream of the sodium sorbent injection point.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the concentration of the SO₃ in the flue gas stream is determined through batch sample collection and analysis.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein the concentration of the SO₃ in the flue gas stream is determined in real-time.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the concentration of the SO₃ in the flue gas stream is determined in near real-time.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the sodium sorbent is essentially a moisture free finely divided powder having an average particle size equal to or less than 28 microns.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein the average temperature of the flue gas stream at the location of sodium sorbent injection is at least 250 degree Fahrenheit but less that 368 degrees Fahrenheit.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein the particulate matter is fly ash.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the particulate collector is a mechanical particulate collector.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the particulate collector is a hybrid particulate collector.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the particulate collector is an electrostatic precipitator.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein the average operating temperature of the electrostatic precipitator is less than or equal to 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein the average operating temperature of the electrostatic particulate collector is greater than 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

24. The method of claim 20 wherein the injection of the sodium sorbent into the flue gas stream results in a reduction in the occurrence of back corona in the electrostatic precipitator.

25. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate collector is a wet electrostatic precipitator.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein the specific collection area of the wet electrostatic precipitator is proportional to the capture rate of SO₃ upstream of the wet electrostatic precipitator.

27. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of changing the chemistry of the flue gas stream to reduce the overall average particulate matter resistivity further comprises the steps of increasing the average surface resistivity of the particulate matter downstream of the sodium sorbent injection;

and decreasing the average volumetric resistivity of the particulate matter downstream of the sodium sorbent injection.

28. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of removing substantially all of the particulate matter and the sodium based by-product from the flue gas stream in a particulate collector, wherein the particulate collector is selected from the group consisting of mechanical particulate collectors, electrostatic particulate collectors, and hybrid particulate collectors

29. A method for treating a flue gas steam, the method comprising the steps of:

combusting a carbonaceous fuel in a combustion furnace to form a flue gas stream, wherein the temperature of the flue gas stream is at least 250 degree Fahrenheit but less than 368 degrees Fahrenheit and wherein the flue gas stream comprises water vapor, particulate matter, and at least one strong acid compound selected from the group consisting of HF, HCl, H₂SO₄, SO₃;

injecting a sodium sorbent into the flue gas stream downstream of the combustion furnace and upstream of a particulate collector wherein the sodium sorbent is selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium carbonate-bicarbonate, trona ore, mechanically refined trona ore, and trona and wherein the sodium sorbent is an essentially moisture free finely divided powder having an average particle size equal to or less than 28 microns;

calcining substantially all of the sodium sorbent in the presence of the flue gas stream to form a soda ash;

reducing the concentration of the at least one strong acid compound in the flue gas stream by reacting the at least one strong acid compound with the soda ash to form a sodium based by-product;

increasing the surface resistivity of the particulate matter downstream of the sodium sorbent injection;

decreasing the volumetric resistivity of the particulate matter downstream of the sodium sorbent injection; and

removing substantially all of the particulate matter and the sodium based by-product from the flue gas stream in a particulate collector, wherein the particulate collector is selected from the group consisting of mechanical particulate collectors, electrostatic particulate collectors, and hybrid particulate collectors.

30. A system for removing strong acid compounds from a flue gas stream of a steam generator cycle, the system comprising:

a combustion furnace wherein a carbonaceous fuel is combusted in the presence of oxygen to form a flue gas stream, the flue gas stream comprising particulate matter, water vapor, and at least one strong acid compound wherein the at least one strong acid compound is selected from the group consisting of SO₃, HCl, and HF;

at least one flue gas duct in mechanical communication with the combustion furnace through which the flue gas stream traverses, the flue gas duct having an inner and an outer surface wherein the flue gas stream is in fluid contact with the inner surface of the flue gas duct;

at least one sodium sorbent injection probe having at least one terminal end, wherein the at least one terminal end passes through the outer and the inner surface of the at least one flue gas duct so as to be in fluid contact with the flue gas stream;

at least one sodium sorbent delivery system in mechanical communication with the at least one sodium sorbent injection probe;

at least one source of sodium sorbent assessable to the at least one sodium sorbent delivery system wherein the sodium sorbent is selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium carbonate-bicarbonate, trona ore, mechanically refined trona ore, and trona; and

at least one particulate collection system through which essentially all the flue gas stream passes, the particulate collection system being in mechanical communication with the at least one flue gas duct and positioned downstream of the at least one sorbent injection probe.