Active, multiplexed digital electrodes for EEG, ECG and EMG applications
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for sensing a plurality of biopotential voltages on a subject, comprising:
- a reference conductive contact attachable to the skin of the subject, first and second digital electrodes attachable to the skin of the subject, each digital electrode comprising at least one signal conductive contact coupled to an active frequency filter, coupled responsive to a differential input of the reference conductive contact and the respective signal conductive contact, and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to an amplified filtered output of the active frequency filter to produce a respective amplified digital signal;
an electromagnetic channel;
a controller in two-way communication over the external electromagnetic channel and operatively configured to sequentially select the respective amplified digital signal from the first and second digital electrodes; and
a multiplexer communicating between each digital electrode and the electromagnetic channel responsive to the controller to communicate a digital output from the selected digital electrode.
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Abstract
A biopotential measurement system incorporates a revolutionary approach to the acquisition of signals such as Electroencephalograms (EEG), Electrocardiograms (ECG), and Electromyograms (EMG) by incorporating active, digital electrodes that amplify and digitally convert biopotential signals at the source, thereby eliminating noise and signal degradation issues. This is to date the most integrated and advanced electrode designed for any biopotential measurement eliminating the poor Signal-to-Noise (SNR) problems seen in biopotential recordings.
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Citations
14 Claims
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1. An apparatus for sensing a plurality of biopotential voltages on a subject, comprising:
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a reference conductive contact attachable to the skin of the subject, first and second digital electrodes attachable to the skin of the subject, each digital electrode comprising at least one signal conductive contact coupled to an active frequency filter, coupled responsive to a differential input of the reference conductive contact and the respective signal conductive contact, and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to an amplified filtered output of the active frequency filter to produce a respective amplified digital signal;
an electromagnetic channel;
a controller in two-way communication over the external electromagnetic channel and operatively configured to sequentially select the respective amplified digital signal from the first and second digital electrodes; and
a multiplexer communicating between each digital electrode and the electromagnetic channel responsive to the controller to communicate a digital output from the selected digital electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A device for sensing a biopotential voltage on a subject, comprising:
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a reference conductive contact attachable to the skin of the subject;
a signal conductive contact attachable to the skin of the subject;
an instrumentation amplifier operatively configured to sense a differential analog signal across the reference and signal conductive contacts;
a bandpass filter operatively configured to filter the sensed differential analog signal; and
an analog-to-digital converter in communication with the bandpass filter to produce a digital biopotential signal;
a circuit board including an external ground attachment point and supporting the signal conductive contact on an undersurface and supporting the instrumentation amplifier, bandpass filter, and analog-to-digital converter on a top surface, wherein ground loops allowing downstream digital noise to be amplified in upstream analog components are prevented by segregating a ground return from the analog-to-digital converter - View Dependent Claims (13)
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14. A device for sensing a biopotential voltage on a subject, comprising:
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a reference conductive contact attachable to the skin of the subject;
a signal conductive contact attachable to the skin of the subject;
an instrumentation amplifier operatively configured to sense a differential analog signal across the reference and signal conductive contacts;
a variable amplifier operatively configured to respond to a command to set a variable gain of the sensed differential analog signal; and
an analog-to-digital converter in communication with the variable amplifier to produce a digital biopotential voltage scaled to the variable gain.
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Specification