Materials for medical implants and occlusive devices
First Claim
1. A swellable medical device that swells after introduction into a patient to occlude a lumen or void defined by a tissue, the device comprising:
- a predetermined structure comprising a biocompatible hydrogel comprising at least one polysaccharide in the group consisting of gellan, welan, S-88, S-198 and rhamsan gum, with the hydrogel being swellable to apply a force to the tissue after the introduction into the patient.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
An embodiment is a swellable medical device that swells after introduction into a patient to occlude a lumen or void in a patient. The device may be anisotropically swellable so that it swells unequally in some dimensions to create an improved fit of the device into the patient. Anisotropically swellable materials are also described. Further, materials and methods for removing a biocompatible hydrogel from a patient by a metal-catalyzed oxidative-reductive reaction are described. Other embodiments are directed to devices that are shrinkable, dissolvable, or otherwise removable by exposure to deionized water or hypertonic solutions. Certain other embodiments are materials and methods for making and using chelation-resistant materials crosslinked by insoluble metal salts.
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Citations
86 Claims
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1. A swellable medical device that swells after introduction into a patient to occlude a lumen or void defined by a tissue, the device comprising:
- a predetermined structure comprising a biocompatible hydrogel comprising at least one polysaccharide in the group consisting of gellan, welan, S-88, S-198 and rhamsan gum, with the hydrogel being swellable to apply a force to the tissue after the introduction into the patient.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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5. The device of claim 5, wherein the salt comprises silver.
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15. A method of occluding a lumen or void defined by a tissue in a patient comprising:
- introducing into the lumen or void a swellable medical device having a predetermined structure that comprises a biocompatible hydrogel comprising at least one polysaccharide in the group consisting of gellan, welan, S-88, S-198 and rhamsan, wherein the medical device swells after introduction to apply a force against the tissue that defines the lumen or void.
- View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
- 29. A biocompatible anisotropically swellable implant that is implantable into a tissue of a patient, the implant comprising a biocompatible material that anisotropically swells in vitro in a physiological saline solution when not subjected to constraining forces, with the material being anisotropically swellable in response to exposure to a physiological fluid upon introduction into the tissue to apply a force against the tissue.
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31. The implant of clam 30, wherein the first percentage increase is at least 100%.
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32. The implant of clam 30, wherein the second percentage increase is less than 0%.
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33. The implant of clam 30, wherein the first length is structured to swell against the tissue, wherein the tissue is a portion of a duct, passage, orifice, or wound.
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34. The implant of clam 29, wherein the material comprises polymers processed into an arrangement of polymers that are substantially parallel to each other.
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35. The implant of clam 29, wherein the material comprises a polysaccharide.
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36. The implant of clam 29, wherein the material comprises at least one member of the group consisting of gellan, welan, S-88, S-198, and a rhamsan gum.
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37. The implant of clam 29, wherein the material comprises an acidic polysaccharide or salt thereof depolymerized to lower the molecular weight of the acidic polysaccharide.
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38. The implant of clam 29 further comprising a therapeutic agent in the material.
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39. The implant of clam 29 further comprising a preservative/antimicrobial agent in the material.
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40. The implant of clam 29, wherein the device is removable by metal-catalyzed oxidation.
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41. The implant of clam 29, wherein the device is removable by shrinkage upon exposure to a solution that is hypertonic relative to the material.
- 42. A method of occluding a lumen or void defined by a tissue in a patient, the method comprising implanting a device into the tissue that comprises a biocompatible material that anisotropically swells in vitro in a physiological saline solution when not subjected to constraining forces, with the material being anisotropically swellable in response to exposure to a physiological fluid upon introduction into the tissue to apply a force against the tissue.
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50. A method of making an anisotropically swellable material from polymers comprising:
- aligning polymers in a substantially parallel orientation relative to each other to form the material, with the material being anisotropically swellable in a physiological solution.
- View Dependent Claims (51, 52, 54, 55)
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53. The method of 50 further comprising soaking the polymeric material in a fluid comprising mineral acids, organic acids or salts of monovalent cations before stretching the polymeric material.
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56. A medical device comprising:
- a hydrogel having a predetermined structure and being comprised of anionic polymers crosslinked by an insoluble metal salt.
- View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67)
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68. A method of removing a biocompatible hydrogel from a patient by an oxidative-reductive reaction, comprising:
- exposing the hydrogel in the patient to a metal ion catalyst that bonds to the hydrogel and catalyzes the oxidation of the hydrogel upon exposure to an oxidizing agent to degrade the hydrogel.
- View Dependent Claims (69, 70, 71)
- 72. A method of removing a medical device from a patent comprising exposing the device to substantially deionized water to dissolve the device, wherein the device comprises a biocompatible hydrogel comprising at least one polysaccharide in the group consisting of gellan, welan, S-88, S-198 and rhamsan.
- 80. A method of shrinking a biocompatible hydrogel in a patient, the method comprising exposing the biocompatible hydrogel in the patient to a solution that is hypertonic relative to the device.
Specification