Electrodes for sustained delivery of energy
First Claim
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1. An electrode comprising:
- an electrically conductive substrate layer;
an electrical conductor coupled to the conductive substrate layer; and
a coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the substrate layer, wherein the coating layer provides an increased overpotential for the electrode in a fluid.
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Abstract
Electrodes include a coating that provides a barrier to fluids and ions within a biological environment. The coating increases the overpotential of the electrode. The coating permits the introduction and use of the electrodes into biological environments without the detrimental complications of electro-chemical reactions typically present with the use of metal and metal-alloy electrodes in such environments.
62 Citations
48 Claims
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1. An electrode comprising:
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an electrically conductive substrate layer;
an electrical conductor coupled to the conductive substrate layer; and
a coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the substrate layer, wherein the coating layer provides an increased overpotential for the electrode in a fluid. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 33, 34)
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17. A medical device comprising:
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a first electrode having a first electrically conductive substrate layer, a first electrical conductor coupled to the first substrate layer, and a first coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the first substrate layer, wherein the first coating layer provides an increased overpotential for the first electrode in a fluid;
a second electrode having a second electrically conductive substrate layer, a second electrical conductor coupled to the conductive substrate layer, and a second coating layer surrounding at least a portion of the second substrate layer, wherein the second coating layer provides an increased overpotential for the second electrode in a fluid;
an electrical power source coupled to apply a substantially continuous electric potential across the first and second electrical conductors. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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38. A method comprising:
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implanting an electrode array within a patient;
implanting an implantable component within a patient;
energizing the electrode array to create a sustained electric field that interacts with the implantable component; and
controlling the electric field to modify the implantable component to deliver therapy. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42)
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Specification