Production of liquid fuels by a concatenation of processes for treatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock

• US 20050250862A1
• Filed: 10/25/2004
• Published: 11/10/2005
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission), Institut Francais Du Petrole (IFP Energies Nouvelles)
• Original Assignee: Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission), Institut Francais Du Petrole (IFP Energies Nouvelles)
• Inventors: Bayle, Jerome, Marty, Eric, Boissonnet, Guillaume, Seiller, Jean-Marie
• Granted Patent: US 7,214,720 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 518/702
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0415 Purification by absorption in liquids
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0475 the impurity being carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0495 the impurity being water
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/52 by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids C01B3/508 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2/32 with the use of catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/1011 Biomass
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/4081 Recycling aspects
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2400/02 Gasoline
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2400/06 Gasoil
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2400/08 Jet fuel
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0969 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0973 Water
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0983 Additives
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0989 Hydrocarbons as additives to gasifying agents to improve caloric properties
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0993 Inert particles, e.g. as heat exchange medium in a fluidized or moving bed, heat carriers, sand
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1618 Modification of synthesis gas composition, e.g. to meet some criteria
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1659 to liquid hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1807 Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/463 in stationary fluidised beds
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 3/006 by steam reforming
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 3/04 : reducing the carbon monoxide content , e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/30 : Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/145 : the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 30/20 : using bio-feedstock

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation and a process for the production of liquid fuels starting from a solid feedstock that contains the organic material in which: a) the solid feedstock is subjected to a gasification stage so as to convert said feedstock into synthesis gas, b) the synthesis gas is subjected to a purification treatment, c) the purified synthesis gas is subjected to a conversion stage that comprises the implementation of a Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis so as to convert said synthesis gas into a liquid effluent and a gaseous effluent, d) the liquid effluent is fractionated so as to obtain a gaseous fraction, a naphtha fraction, a kerosene fraction and a gas oil fraction, and e) at least a portion of the naphtha fraction is recycled in gasification stage a).

Claims

1. A process for the production of liquid fuels starting from a solid feedstock that contains the organic material in which:

a) the solid feedstock is subjected to a gasification stage so as to convert said feedstock into synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen,

b) the synthesis gas that is obtained in stage a) is subjected to a purification treatment that comprises an adjustment to increase the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, H₂/CO, up to a predetermined value,

c) the purified synthesis gas that is obtained in stage b) is subjected to a conversion stage that comprises the implementation of a Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis so as to convert said synthesis gas into a liquid effluent and a gaseous effluent,

d) the liquid effluent that is obtained in stage c) is fractionated so as to obtain at least two fractions that are selected from the group that consists of;

a gaseous fraction, a naphtha fraction, a kerosene fraction and a gas oil fraction, and

e) at least a portion of any naphtha fraction obtained in step d) is recycled in gasification stage a).

2. A process according to claim 1, in which the predetermined value of stage b) is between 1.8 and 2.2.

3. A process according to claim 1, in which gasification stage a) is implemented in at least one zone in which the temperature is kept above 1000°

C.

4. A process according to claim 1, in which during gasification stage a),

the feedstock is brought into contact with an oxidizing agent under pyrolysis conditions to produce a first gaseous effluent in a primary zone in which the solid feedstock is kept in the fluidized state and the oxidizing gas content is kept below 10 mol %, and

the gaseous effluent that is thus produced is subjected to a finishing treatment in a secondary zone in which the temperature is kept between 1000 and 1500°

C.

5. A process according to claim 4, in which the input of energy into the primary zone is carried out by the circulation of a solid heat exchanger.

6. A process according to claim 5, in which the solid heat exchanger comprises a silica alumina that exhibits an acidic nature.

7. A process according to claim 1, in which the solid feedstock is injected in the gasification stage by means of a carrier gas that does not contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or superheated steam.

8. A process according to claim 1, in which the purification treatment of stage b) also comprises at least one treatment selected from a reduction of the water content, a reduction of the dust content, an extraction of carbon dioxide and a compression of synthesis gas.

9. A process according to claim 1, in which stage c) that comprises the implementation of a Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis also comprises a stage for filtration of waxes produced by said Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis, a fractionation stage so as to recover a fraction of hydrocarbon compounds having at least 19 carbon atoms and a hydrocracking stage of said compounds.

10. A process according to claim 1, in which at least a portion of the gaseous effluent obtained in stage c) and the gaseous fraction obtained in stage d) are recycled to gasification stage a).

11. A process according to claim 1, in which a portion of the gaseous effluent obtained in stage c) and the gaseous fraction obtained in stage d) are purged.

12. A process according to claim 1, in which a naphtha fraction is obtained in step d) and at least a portion of the naphtha fraction is recycled in the primary zone of stage a).

13. A process according to claim 1, in which a naphtha fraction is obtained in step d) and at least a portion of the naphtha fraction from step d) is recycled in the secondary zone of stage a).

15. A process according to claim 2, in which gasification stage a) is implemented in at least one zone in which the temperature is kept above 1000°

C.

16. A process according to claim 2, in which during gasification stage a),

the feedstock is brought into contact with an oxidizing agent under pyrolysis conditions to produce a first gaseous effluent in a primary zone in which the solid feedstock is kept in the fluidized state and the oxidizing gas content is kept below 10 mol %, and

the gaseous effluent that is this produced is subjected to a finishing treatment in a secondary zone in which the temperature is kept between 1000 and 1500°

C.

17. A process according to claim 15, in which during gasification stage a),

the feedstock is brought into contact with an oxidizing agent under pyrolysis conditions to produce a first gaseous effluent in a primary zone in which the solid feedstock is kept in the fluidized state and the oxidizing gas content is kept below 10 mol %, and

the gaseous effluent that is thus produced is subjected to a finishing treatment in a secondary zone in which the temperature is kept between 1000 and 1500°

C.

14. Installation for the production of liquid fuels starting from a solid feedstock that contains organic material, whereby said installation comprises:

means for gasification (Z1, Z2) of the solid feedstock into synthesis gas,

means for purification (Z3) of synthesis gas, whereby said purification means comprise a means for adjustment of the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, H2/CO, of said synthesis gas,

means for conversion (Z4) of the purified synthesis gas into a liquid effluent, whereby said conversion means comprise at least one Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor,

means for fractionation (Z5, Z6) of the liquid effluent that make it possible to obtain a liquid fuel and a naphtha fraction, and

means for recycling (14) naphtha to gasification means (Z1, Z2).