Power conversion and vehicle

• US 20060006832A1
• Filed: 07/06/2005
• Published: 01/12/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/07/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Yamagiwa, Masanori, Yoshimoto, Kantaro, Kitajima, Yasuhiko, Tajima, Yutaka, Hayami, Yasuaki, Yamaguchi, Ryuuta
• Granted Patent: US 7,122,991 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 318/800
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/26 characterised by the motors or the generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/20 for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/22 Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/30 The power source being a fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/483 Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/5388 with asymmetrical configuration of switches
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A power conversion system for converting a dc voltage to a pulsed ac voltage includes a dc voltage source providing three or more electric potentials, and a switching circuit arranged to connect one of the potentials selectively to an output terminal. A controller produces a pulsed ac output voltage at the output terminal from the potentials of the dc voltage source by controlling an on time for connecting each of the potentials to the output terminal.

Claims

1. A power conversion system for converting a dc voltage to a pulsed ac voltage, comprising:

a dc voltage source including a plurality of source terminals providing three or more electric potentials;

a switching circuit arranged to connect one of the source terminals of the dc voltage source selectively to an output terminal of the switching circuit; and

a controller configured to produce a pulsed ac output voltage at the output terminal from the potentials of the dc voltage source by controlling an on time for connecting each of the potentials of the dc voltage source to the output terminal.

2. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dc voltage source includes a plurality of dc voltage supplying devices for supplying the electric potentials.

3. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dc voltage source is configured to provide a lower potential, a higher potential higher than the lower potential, and an intermediate potential intermediate between the lower and higher potentials, a potential difference between the higher and intermediate potentials being unequal to a potential difference between the intermediate and lower potentials.

4. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the switching circuit comprises three circuit sections arranged to provide three-phase alternating voltage waveforms for driving a three-phase ac motor.

5. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the switching circuit comprises an intermediate potential connecting switching device preventing conduction in both directions, the intermediate potential connecting switching device being connected between the output terminal of the switching circuit and an intermediate potential supply terminal which is one of the source terminals of the dc voltage source for providing an intermediate potential intermediate between lower and higher potentials provided by the dc voltage source.

6. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dc voltage source includes a fuel cell device as one of the dc voltage supplying devices, and a device storing electric energy as another one of the dc voltage supplying devices.

7. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fuel cell device includes a first electrode connected together with a first electrode of the device storing electric energy and a second electrode connected to a fuel cell potential supply terminal which is one of the source terminals;

and the switching circuit includes a switching device which is connected with the fuel cell potential supply terminal and which is a unidirectional switching device enabling conduction only in a forward direction from the fuel cell potential supply terminal to the output terminal of the switching circuit.

8. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power conversion system further comprises a ac motor driven by the pulsed ac voltage produced at the output terminal of the switching circuit;

and the controller is configured;

to determine a first motor drive command voltage;

to calculate, from the first motor drive voltage and a target power distribution command, a plurality of second motor drive command voltages corresponding to the potentials outputted from the dc voltage source; and

to control the switching circuit in accordance with the second motor drive command voltages.

9. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the second motor drive command voltages so that a sum of voltage vectors determined by the second motor drive command voltages is equal to a voltage vector of the first motor drive voltage.

10. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the second motor drive command voltages so that a proportion of each second motor drive command voltage is determined by the target distribution command.

11. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a d-axis command current and a q-axis command current to follow a motor torque command, by using the target distribution command.

12. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the d-axis command current and the q-axis command current in accordance with a greatest one of absolute values of quotients obtained by dividing a proportion of the target sharing command for each dc voltage supplying section by an output voltage of the dc voltage supplying section.

13. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the d-axis command current and the q-axis command current in accordance with a greatest one of proportions of the target distribution command for the dc voltage supplying sections.

14. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power conversion system further comprises an induction load;

the dc voltage source includes first and second potential supply terminals and a reference terminal each of which is one of the source terminals, the first and second potential supply terminals being terminals for supplying output voltages of first and second dc voltage supplying sections each of which is one of the dc voltage supplying sections of the dc voltage source; and

the controller is configured to select one of the first and second potential supply terminals as a current path for current of the inductive load.

15. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the switching circuit comprises a first switching device connected between the reference terminal of the dc voltage source and the output terminal of the switching circuit which is connected to the inductive load, a second switching device connected between the first potential supply terminal and the output terminal, a third switching device connected between the second potential supply terminal and the output terminal, and a diode connected in parallel with the first switching device, and wherein the controller is configured to select one of the first and second potential supply terminals as a current path for current of the inductive load by controlling the first, second and third switching devices.

16. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the dc voltage source has one of a first circuit configuration in which negative electrodes of the first and second dc voltage supplying devices are connected together to the reference terminal, and positive electrodes of the first and second dc voltage supplying devices are connected, respectively, with the first and second potential supply terminals;

a second circuit configuration in which positive electrodes of the first and second dc voltage supplying devices are connected together to the reference terminal, and negative electrodes of the first and second dc voltage supplying devices are connected, respectively, with the first and second potential supply terminals; and

a third circuit configuration in which a negative electrode of the first dc voltage supplying device is connected to the reference terminal, a positive electrode of the first dc voltage supplying device and a negative electrode of the second dc voltage supplying device are connected together to the first potential supply terminal, and a positive electrode of the second dc voltage supplying section is connected to the second potential supply terminal.

17. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the power conversion system further comprises a voltage sensing device for sensing an actual voltage of a monitored dc voltage supplying device which is one of the first and second dc voltage supplying devices, and the controller is configured to select one of the first and second potential supply terminals as the current path for current of the inductive load, in accordance with a voltage difference between the actual voltage and a command voltage of the monitored dc voltage supplying device.

18. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to control the second switching device and the third switching device in accordance with a voltage difference between a sensed voltage and a command voltage of one of the first and second voltage supplying devices.

19. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to control the second switching device and the third switching device by comparing the voltage difference with first and second thresholds so as to provide a hysteresis.

20. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 17, wherein a command voltage of one of the first and second voltage supplying devices is higher than a voltage of the other of the first and second voltage supplying devices.

21. The power conversion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power conversion system comprises a plurality of the power converters connected with the dc power source in common;

and further connected, respectively, with a plurality of loads.

22. A vehicle comprising:

the power conversion system as claimed in claim 1.

23. A power conversion process of driving an inductive load with a dc voltage source, the power conversion process comprising:

allowing a current flow between the dc voltage source and the inductive load through a selected current path; and

determining the selected current path by selecting one of first and second supply potentials of the dc voltage source including a plurality of voltage supplying devices connected together to provide three or more potentials.

24. The power conversion process as claimed in claim 23, wherein the selected current path is determined by determining a turn-on switch subset, and a turn-off switch subset, the turn-on switch subset being a subset of a set of switches to be turned on, the turn-off switch subset being a subset of the set to be turned off.

25. The power conversion process as claimed in claim 24, wherein the current flow is allowed between the power source and the inductive load by holding the turn-on switch subset in an on state, holding the turn-off switch subset in an off state, and controlling a control subset between the on state and the off state, the control subset being a subset of the set.

26. A power conversion system for converting a dc voltage to a pulsed ac voltage, comprising:

voltage supplying means for providing three or more electric potentials; and

switching means for selecting one of the potentials, and for producing a pulsed ac output voltage from the potentials by controlling an on time for connecting each of the potentials for output.