Method and apparatus for non-rebreathing positive airway pressure ventilation

• US 20060011195A1
• Filed: 07/08/2005
• Published: 01/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/2004
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: RIC INVESTMENTS LLC (Respironics Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: RIC INVESTMENTS LLC (Respironics Incorporated)
• Inventors: Zarychta, Jaroslaw
• Application Number:
  US11/178,052
• Publication Number:
  US 20060011195A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 128/200.140
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0069 the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/101 using an oxygen concentrator
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/204 used for inhalation control
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0039 in the inspiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0007 introduced into the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0208 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/03 Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids

Abstract

Apparatus and method for ventilating a patient in which a fluid is provided to a patient during an exhalation/quiescent phase, in which a pressure, a flow, or a volume of fluid is provided at a baseline level. The flow of fluid from such a patient is released during a release phase following the exhalation/quiescent phase, by decreasing the pressure, flow, or volume of fluid from the baseline level to a release level below the baseline level. The pressure, flow, or volume of fluid during a delivery phase following the release phase is increased from the release level to a peak level that is above the baseline level. Finally, the pressure, flow, or volume of fluid is allowed to return from the peak level to the baseline level.

Claims

1. A method of ventilating a patient comprising:

(a) delivering fluid to a patient during an exhalation/quiescent phase, in which a pressure, a flow, or a volume of fluid is provided at a baseline level;

(b) releasing the flow of fluid from such a patient during a release phase following the exhalation/quiescent phase, in which the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid is decreased from the baseline level to a release level that is less than the baseline level;

(c) increasing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid delivered to such a patient during a delivery phase following the release phase, in which the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid is increased from the release level to a peak level above the baseline level; and

(d) allowing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid to return from the peak level to the baseline level.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating steps (a) through (d) once the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid has returned from the peak level to the baseline level.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the exhalation/quiescent phase, the release phase, the delivery phase, or any combination thereof is entered (a) independent of such a patient'"'"'s spontaneous respiration or (b) in synchronization with such a patient'"'"'s spontaneous respiration.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure, the flow or the volume increase during the delivery phase is pressure, volume, or flow limited.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein a duration of the exhalation/quiescent phase, the release phase, or the delivery phase is controlled based on time.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the baseline level of the flow of fluid delivered during the exhalation/quiescent phase is a pressure ranging from 5-30 cm H₂O, wherein the release level of the flow of fluid delivered during the release phase is a pressure ranging from 0-15 cm H₂O, and wherein the peak level of the flow of fluid delivered during the delivery phase is a pressure ranging from 15-60 cm H₂₀.

7. A medical ventilator comprising:

(a) a patient circuit;

(b) a pressure generator coupled to the patient circuit, wherein the patient circuit communicates pressurized fluid from the pressure generator system to a patient; and

(c) pressure controlling means for controlling the pressure generator to;

(1) deliver fluid to a patient during an exhalation/quiescent phase, in which a pressure, a flow, or a volume of fluid is provided at a baseline level,

(2) release the flow of fluid from such a patient during a release phase following the exhalation/quiescent phase, in which the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid is decreased from the baseline level to a release level that is less than the baseline level;

(3) increase the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid delivered to such a patient during a delivery phase following the release phase, in which the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid is increased from the release level to a peak level above the baseline level, and

(4) allow the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid to return from the peak level to the baseline level.

8. The ventilator of claim 7, wherein the pressure controlling means repeats steps (a) through (d).

9. The ventilator of claim 7, wherein the pressure controlling means enters the exhalation/quiescent phase, the release phase, the delivery phase, or any combination thereof (a) independent of such a patient'"'"'s spontaneous respiration, or (b) in synchronization with such a patient'"'"'s spontaneous respiration.

10. The ventilator of claim 7, wherein the pressure controlling means pressure limits, volume limits, or flow limits, the pressure, flow or volume increase during the delivery phase.

11. The ventilator of claim 7, wherein the pressure controlling means controls a duration of the exhalation/quiescent phase, the release phase, or the delivery phase based on time.

12. The ventilator of claim 7, wherein the baseline level of the flow of fluid delivered during the exhalation/quiescent phase is a pressure ranging from 5-30 cm H₂O, wherein the release level of the flow of fluid delivered during the release phase is a pressure ranging from 0-15 cm H₂O, and wherein the peak level of the flow of fluid delivered during the delivery phase is a pressure ranging from 15-60 cm H₂₀.

13. A medical ventilator comprising:

means for delivering fluid to a patient during an exhalation/quiescent phase, in which a pressure, a flow, or a volume of fluid is provided at a baseline level;

means for releasing the flow of fluid from such a patient during a release phase following the exhalation/quiescent phase, in which the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid is decreased from the baseline level to a release level that is less than the baseline level;

means for increasing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid delivered to such a patient during a delivery phase following the release phase, in which the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid is increased from the release level to a peak level above the baseline level; and

means for allowing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid to return from the peak level to the baseline level.

14. The ventilator of claim 13, wherein the exhalation/quiescent phase, the release phase, the delivery phase, or any combination thereof is entered (a) independent of such a patient'"'"'s spontaneous respiration, or (b) in synchronization with such a patient'"'"'s spontaneous respiration.

15. The ventilator of claim 13, wherein the means for increasing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid delivered to such a patient during the delivery phase initiates the delivery phase is synchronized with such a patient'"'"'s inspiration.

16. The ventilator of claim 13, wherein the means for increasing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid delivered to such a patient during the delivery phase is pressure, volume, or flow limited.

17. The ventilator of claim 13, wherein the means for delivering fluid to a patient during the exhalation/quiescent phase controls a duration of the exhalation/quiescent phase based on time, wherein the means for releasing the flow of fluid from such a patient during a release phase controls a duration of the release phase based on time, or wherein the means for increasing the pressure, the flow, or the volume of fluid delivered to such a patient during a delivery phase controls a duration of the delivery phase is controlled based on time.

18. The ventilator of claim 13, wherein the baseline level of the flow of fluid delivered during the exhalation/quiescent phase is a pressure ranging from 5-30 cm H₂O, wherein the release level of the flow of fluid delivered during the release phase is a pressure ranging from 0-15 cm H₂O, and wherein the peak level of the flow of fluid delivered during the delivery phase is a pressure ranging from 15-60 cm H₂₀.

19. A method of ventilating a patient comprising:

(a) providing a fluid to a patient at a first pressure;

(b) providing the fluid to the patient at a second pressure after terminating the provisioning of the fluid at the first pressure, wherein the second pressure is less than the first pressure; and

(c) providing the fluid to the patient at a third pressure after terminating the provisioning of the fluid at the second pressure, wherein the third pressure is greater than the first pressure.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the fluid is provided to the patient at the first, second, and third fluid pressures independent of breathing by the patient.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the fluid is provided to the patient synchronously with the patient'"'"'s breathing, the patient exhales during a time when the fluid pressure is at the first or the second pressures, and the patient inhales during a time the fluid pressure is at the third pressure.

22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

(d) providing the fluid to the patient at the first pressure after terminating the provisioning of the fluid at the third pressure; and

(e) repeating steps (b)-(d).

23. A medical ventilator comprising:

a patient circuit;

a pressure generator for delivering pressurized fluid to a patient via the patient circuit; and

means for controlling the pressure generator to (a) supply the fluid to the patient at first pressure, (b) supply the fluid to the patient at a second pressure less than the first pressure, and (c) supply the fluid to the patient at a third pressure greater than the first pressure.

24. The medical ventilator of claim 23, wherein the means for controlling is responsive to the patient'"'"'s breathing for:

supplying the fluid to the patient at the first or second pressures when the patient is exhaling; and

supplying the fluid to the patient at the third pressure when the patient is inhaling.

25. The medical ventilator of claim 23, wherein the means for controlling controls the pressure generator to cyclically supply the fluid to the patient at the first, second and third pressures independent of the patient'"'"'s breathing.