Methods and apparatus for 3D reconstruction in helical cone beam volumetric CT

• US 20060013357A1
• Filed: 07/16/2004
• Published: 01/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Hsieh, Jiang, Tang, Xiangyang, Nilsen, Roy Arnulf Helge
• Granted Patent: US 7,173,996 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 378/15
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/027 characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/006 Inverse problem, transformation from projection-space into object-space, e.g. transform methods, back-projection, algebraic methods
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 378/901 Computer tomography program or processor

Abstract

A method for reconstructing an image of an object utilizing a cone-beam volumetric computed tomographic imaging apparatus includes helically scanning the object with a radiation source utilizing the cone-beam volumetric computed tomographic imaging apparatus; selecting radiation beams emitted by the radiation source passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam; and reconstructing an image of the object utilizing projection data obtained from the selected radiation beams while avoiding the use of redundant projection data from unselected conjugate rays of the selected radiation beams.

Claims

1. A method for reconstructing an image of an object utilizing a cone-beam volumetric computed tomographic imaging apparatus, said method comprising:

helically scanning the object with a radiation source utilizing the cone-beam volumetric computed tomographic imaging apparatus;

selecting radiation beams emitted by the radiation source passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam; and

reconstructing an image of the object utilizing projection data obtained from the selected radiation beams.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said reconstructing an image of the object is performed without the use of redundant projection data from unselected conjugate rays of the selected radiation beams.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the radiation source is an x-ray radiation source.

4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said selecting radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam comprises utilizing a window function written:

$w<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}\right)=\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{while}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}=\min <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0,{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0^{\mathrm{\prime <br><br>}},a_0^{\mathrm{″<br><br>}}\right),\\ 0& \mathrm{otherwise},\end{array}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{where}<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}$

α

₀ is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through pixel P;

α

₀′ and

α

₀″

are cone angles of two other x-ray beams passing through pixel P oppositely in relation to the radiation beam having cone angle α

₀; and

β

is a view angle; and

γ

is a fan angle.

5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said selecting radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam comprises utilizing a weighting function {tilde over (w)}( ) written:

$\tilde{w}<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}\right)=\frac{f_k<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c\right)}{f_k<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0\right)+f_k<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c\right)},\mathrm{where}<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}$

α

is a cone angle;

β

is a view angle;

γ

is a fan angle;

α

₀ is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through pixel P;

α

₀′ and

α

₀″

are cone angles of two other x-ray beams passing through pixel P oppositely in relation to the radiation beam having cone angle α

₀;

α

_c=α

₀′

or α

_c=α

₀′

;

f_k(α

) denotes a positive valued, monotonically increasing function of both α and

k, wherein f_k(α

) also has the property that f_k(α

)→

∞

when k→

∞

; and

k is a positive integer.

6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said selecting radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam comprises utilizing a window function written:

$w<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}\right)=\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{while}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}=\min <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0,{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c\right),\\ 0& \mathrm{otherwise},\end{array}$

where;

α

_c=α

₀′

or α

_c=α

₀′

, where α

_c is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through a pixel P oppositely in relation to a direct ray having cone angle α

₀;

α

is a cone angle;

β

is a view angle; and

γ

is a fan angle.

7. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein:

the direct ray having cone angle α

₀ has fan angle γ

₀ and view angle β

₀;

β

_c, α

_c and γ

_c represent the view angle, cone angle, and fan angle, respectively, of a conjugate ray;

β

_c=β

₀−

π

+2·

γ

₀ and γ

_c=−

γ

₀ while 0<

β

₀≦

π

;

β

_c=β

₀+π

+2·

γ

₀ and γ

_c=−

γ

₀ while −

π

<

β

₀≦

0; and

cone angles <sup>α

c</sup> are obtained through geometrical calculations.

8. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein γ

₀=γ

_c=0 and further comprising row-wise fan-to-parallel rebinning of the projection data, wherein a direct ray having cone angle α

₀ has fan angle γ

₀, and γ

_c represents the fan angle of a conjugate ray.

9. A method in accordance with claim 8 wherein the object is a medical patient.

10. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said selecting radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam comprises utilizing a window function written:

$\tilde{w}<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>};<br><br>k\right)=\frac{{<br><br>\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c<br><br>}^k}{{<br><br>\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0<br><br>}^k+{<br><br>\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c<br><br>}^k},$

where;

α

₀ is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through pixel P;

α

_c is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through a pixel P oppositely in relation to a direct ray having cone angle α

₀;

α

is a cone angle;

β

is a view angle;

γ

is a fan angle; and

k is an integer.

11. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein k is at least 64.

12. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the object is a medical patient.

13. A method in accordance with claim 12 wherein the radiation source is an x-ray radiation source.

14. A cone-beam volumetric computed tomographic imaging apparatus configured to:

helically scan an object to be imaged with a radiation source;

select radiation beams emitted by the radiation source passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam; and

reconstruct an image of the object utilizing projection data obtained from the selected radiation beams.

15. An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 configured to reconstruct said image of the object without the use of redundant projection data from unselected conjugate rays of the selected radiation beams.

16. An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein the radiation source is an x-ray radiation source.

17. An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein to select radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam, said apparatus is configured to utilize a window function written:

$w<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}\right)=\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{while}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}=\min \left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0,{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0^{\mathrm{\prime <br><br>}},{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0^{\mathrm{″<br><br>}}\right),\\ 0& \mathrm{otherwise},\end{array}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{where}<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}$

α

₀ is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through pixel P;

α

₀′ and

α

₀″

are cone angles of two other x-ray beams passing through pixel P oppositely in relation to the radiation beam having cone angle α

₀; and

β

is a view angle; and

γ

is a fan angle.

18. An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein said to select radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam, said apparatus is configured to utilize a weighting function {tilde over (w)}( ) written:

$\tilde{w}<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}\right)=\frac{f_k<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c\right)}{f_k<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0\right)+f_k<br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c\right)},\mathrm{where}<br><br>\text{;<br><br>}$

α

is a cone angle;

β

is a view angle;

γ

is a fan angle;

α

₀ is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through pixel P;

α

₀′ and

α

₀″

are cone angles of two other x-ray beams passing through pixel P oppositely in relation to the radiation beam having cone angle α

₀;

α

_c=α

₀′

or α

_c=α

₀′

;

f_k(α

) denotes a positive valued, monotonically increasing function of both α and

k, wherein f_k(α

) also has the property that f_k(α

)→

∞

when k→

∞

; and

k is a positive integer.

19. An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein to select radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam, said apparatus is configured to utilize a window function written:

$w<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}\right)=\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{while}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}=\min <br><br>\left({\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0,{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c\right),\\ 0& \mathrm{otherwise},\end{array}$

where;

α

_c=α

₀′

or α

_c=α

₀′

, where α

_c is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through a pixel P oppositely in relation to a direct ray having cone angle α

₀;

α

is a cone angle;

β

is a view angle; and

γ

is a fan angle.

20. An apparatus in accordance with claim 19 wherein:

the direct ray having cone angle α

₀ has fan angle γ

₀ and view angle β

₀;

β

_c, α

_c and γ

_c represent the view angle, cone angle, and fan angle, respectively, of a conjugate ray;

β

_c=β

₀−

π

+2·

γ

₀ and γ

_c=−

γ

₀ while 0<

β

₀≦

π

;

β

_c=β

₀+π

+2·

γ

₀ and γ

_c=−

γ

₀ while −

π

<

β

₀≦

0; and

cone angles <sup>α

c</sup> are obtained through geometrical calculations.

21. An apparatus in accordance with claim 20 wherein γ

₀=γ

_c=0 and said apparatus is further configured to perform row-wise fan-to-parallel rebinning of the projection data, wherein a direct ray having cone angle α

₀ has fan angle γ

₀, and γ

_c represents the fan angle of a conjugate ray.

22. An apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein to select radiation beams passing through a pixel P having a smallest cone angle in comparison with that of the conjugate rays of the radiation beam, said apparatus is configured to utilize a window function written:

$\tilde{w}<br><br>\left(\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>},\mathrm{\beta <br><br>},\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>};<br><br>k\right)=\frac{{<br><br>\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c<br><br>}^k}{{<br><br>\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_0<br><br>}^k+{<br><br>\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\alpha <br><br>}}_c<br><br>}^k},$

where;

α

₀ is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through pixel P;

α

_c is a cone angle of a radiation beam passing through a pixel P oppositely in relation to a direct ray having cone angle α

₀;

α

is a cone angle;

β

is a view angle;

γ

is a fan angle; and

k is an integer.

23. A method in accordance with claim 22 wherein k is at least 64.

24. A method in accordance with claim 23 wherein the radiation source is an x-ray radiation source.