Personal server

• US 20060014530A1
• Filed: 07/16/2004
• Published: 01/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/2004
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Oxy Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Oxy Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Neuberger, Marc J., Denenberg, Lawrence A., Forsdick, Harry C., Smith, Graeme W., Krasner, Michael A., Gould, Grant, Tanner, Marc D.
• Application Number:
  US10/892,769
• Publication Number:
  US 20060014530A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 455/414.100
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/18 for broadcast or conference , e.g. multicast
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2854 Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/00 User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/04 Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/066 Format adaptation, e.g. format conversion or compression
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/10 Multimedia information
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 51/58 Message adaptation for wireless communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/10 for controlling access to devices or network resources
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/01 Protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/04 specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/54 Presence management, e.g. monitoring or registration for receipt of user log-on information, or the connection status of the users
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Abstract

A personal server is provided for use with a mobile device, such as a cellular telephone. The personal server provides services to the user of the mobile device and to others authorized by the user, but to no other users. The personal server may be a home PC of the user of the mobile device. The personal server may serve as a proxy server for a shared server that provides services to the mobile device. The personal server may relay messages between the mobile device and the shared server. The personal server may store, log, filter, and perform other processing on the user'"'"'s personal data, such as messages transmitted by the mobile device and/or the shared server. The personal server may aggregate messages received from a plurality of shared servers. A non-personal server may perform additional services, such as configuring the personal server and temporarily storing data if the personal server becomes inaccessible.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a mobile device configured for use by a user;

a personal server coupled to the mobile device over a first wide area network connection to provide services over the wide area network to the user and to others authorized by the user, but to no other users.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the personal server comprises a personal computer.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the user owns the mobile device and the personal server.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the user is authorized by an owner of the mobile device to perform read-only actions using the mobile device.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a non-personal server, wherein the personal server maintains a connection to the mobile device through the non-personal server.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the personal server comprises:

means for receiving a message from the mobile device, the message having a plurality of destinations; and

means for forwarding the message to the plurality of destinations.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the personal server includes data not included in the mobile device, and wherein the personal server includes means for transmitting the data to a destination on behalf of the mobile device.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the mobile device includes means for transmitting a message having a destination to the personal server according to a first protocol but not according to a second protocol;

the personal server includes means for forwarding the message to the destination according to the second protocol.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second protocol comprises an electronic mail protocol.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

configuration means for configuring the personal server to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device; and

wherein the personal server further comprises means for receiving a message having the mobile device as its destination and storing the message at the personal server without forwarding the message to the mobile device if the personal server is configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the personal server further comprises means for forwarding the message to the mobile device if the personal server is not configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the personal server includes the configuration means.

14. The system of claim 11, further comprising a non-personal server coupled to the personal server, wherein the non-personal server includes the configuration means.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device comprises means for instructing the personal server to execute a computer program, and wherein the personal server comprises means for executing the computer program in response to the instruction from the mobile device.

16. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a non-personal server coupled to the mobile device and the personal server, the non-personal server comprising;

means for receiving a message from the mobile device;

means for determining whether the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server; and

means for storing the message at the non-personal server if the personal server is determined not to be accessible to the non-personal server.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the non-personal server further comprises:

means for transmitting the message to the personal server if the personal server is determined to be accessible to the non-personal server.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein:

the means for determining comprises;

means for repeatedly determining whether the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server over a period of time; and

means for identifying a time at which the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server; and

wherein

the means for transmitting comprises;

means for transmitting the message to the personal server at about the identified time.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the personal server comprises:

means for storing personal data on behalf of the user.

20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:

means for receiving the personal data on behalf of the user.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the means for receiving comprises means for receiving the personal data from the mobile device.

22. The system of claim 19, wherein the personal server further comprises:

means for providing the personal data to the user through the mobile device in response to a request from the user.

23. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

determination means for determining whether to transmit an incoming message to the personal server or to the mobile device;

first transmission means for transmitting the message to the personal server if it is determined that the message is to be transmitted to the personal server; and

second transmission means for transmitting the message to the mobile device if it is determined that the message is to be transmitted to the mobile device.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the mobile device includes the determination means.

25. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

an instant messaging server coupled to the personal server over a second wide area network connection, the instant message server comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information to the personal server using an instant messaging protocol;

wherein the personal server comprises;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol; and

means for transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection using a non-instant messaging protocol; and

wherein the mobile device comprises means for receiving the at least some of the instant messaging information over the first connection using the non-instant messaging protocol.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the at least some of the instant messaging information comprises less than all of the instant messaging information.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the instant messaging information comprises presence information, and wherein the at least some of the instant messaging information comprises less than all of the presence information.

28. The system of claim 25, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

29. The system of claim 25, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

30. The system of claim 25, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

31. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

an instant messaging server coupled to the personal server over a second wide area network connection, the instant messaging server comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information to the personal server using an instant messaging protocol;

wherein the personal server comprises;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol;

means for filtering the instant messaging information to produce filtered instant messaging information;

means for transmitting the filtered instant messaging information over the first connection to the mobile device; and

wherein the mobile device comprises means for receiving the filtered instant messaging information over the first connection.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein the instant messaging information comprises presence information, and wherein the means for filtering comprises means for removing at least some of the presence information from the instant messaging information.

33. The system of claim 31, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

34. The system of claim 31, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

35. The system of claim 31, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

36. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

an instant messaging server comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information using an instant messaging protocol;

a plurality of personal servers coupled to the instant messaging server over a first plurality of wide area network connections, wherein the personal server comprises one of the plurality of personal servers, each of the plurality of personal servers comprising;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol;

means for filtering the instant messaging information to produce filtered instant messaging information;

means for transmitting the filtered instant messaging information over a corresponding one of a plurality of second wide area network connections; and

a plurality of mobile devices coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of personal servers over corresponding ones of the plurality of second wide area connections, the mobile device comprising one of the plurality of mobile devices, each of the plurality of mobile devices including means for receiving the filtered instant messaging information over the corresponding one of the second plurality of wide area connections.

37. The system of claim 36, wherein the instant messaging information comprises presence information, and wherein the means for filtering comprises means for removing at least some of the presence information from the instant messaging information.

38. The system of claim 36, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

39. The system of claim 36, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

40. The system of claim 36, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

41. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of instant messaging servers comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information using at least one instant messaging protocol;

wherein the personal server is coupled to the plurality of instant messaging servers over a plurality of wide area network connections, the personal server comprising;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the plurality of instant messaging servers using the at least one instant messaging protocol;

means for transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection; and

wherein the mobile device comprises means for receiving the at least some instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection.

42. The system of claim 41, wherein the at least some of the instant messaging information comprises less than all of the instant messaging information.

43. The system of claim 41, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

44. The system of claim 41, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

45. The system of claim 41, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

46. A computer-implemented method comprising a step of:

(A) at a personal server coupled to a mobile device over a first wide area network connection, providing services over the wide area network to a user of the mobile device and to others authorized by the user, but to no other users.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the personal server comprises a personal computer.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein the user owns the mobile device and the personal server.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the user is authorized by an owner of the mobile device to perform read-only actions using the mobile device.

50. The method of claim 46, wherein the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone.

51. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving a message from the mobile device, the message having a plurality of destinations; and

(A)(2) forwarding the message to the plurality of destinations.

52. The method of claim 46, wherein the personal server includes data not included in the mobile device, and wherein the step (A) comprises a step of transmitting the data to a destination on behalf of the mobile device.

53. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving a message from the mobile device according to a first protocol, the message having a destination;

(A)(2) forwarding the message to the destination according to a second protocol that differs from the first protocol.

54. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving a message having the mobile device as its destination;

(A)(2) determining whether the personal server is configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device; and

(A)(3) storing the message at the personal server without forwarding the message to the mobile device if it is determined that the personal server is configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device.

55. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving an instruction from the mobile device to execute a computer program; and

(A)(2) executing the program in response to the instruction.

56. The method of claim 46, further comprising a step of:

(B) at a non-personal server coupled to the mobile device and the personal server, performing steps of;

(1) receiving a message from the mobile device;

(2) determining whether the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server; and

(3) storing the message at the non-personal server if the personal server is determined not to be accessible to the non-personal server.

57. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises a step of:

(A)(1) storing personal data on behalf of the user.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein the step (A) further comprises a step of:

(A)(2) receiving the personal data on behalf of the user.

59. The method of claim 57, wherein the step (A) further comprises a step of:

(A)(2) providing the personal data to the user through the mobile device in response to a request from the user.

60. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving instant messaging information from an instant messaging server using an instant messaging protocol; and

(A)(2) transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection to the mobile device using a non-instant messaging protocol.

61. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving instant messaging information from an instant messaging server using an instant messaging protocol;

(A)(2) filtering the instant messaging information to produce filtered instant messaging information; and

(A)(3) transmitting the filtered instant messaging information to the mobile device.

62. The method of claim 46, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving instant messaging information from a plurality of instant messaging servers using at least one instant messaging protocol; and

(A)(2) transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection to a mobile device.

63. A system comprising:

a mobile device configured for use by a user;

a personal server coupled to the mobile device over a first wide area network connection to transmit personal data between the mobile device and the user and others authorized by the user, but no other users.

64. The system of claim 63, wherein the personal server comprises a personal computer.

65. The system of claim 63, wherein the user owns the mobile device and the personal server.

66. The system of claim 65, wherein the user is authorized by an owner of the mobile device to perform read-only actions using the mobile device.

67. The system of claim 63, wherein the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone.

68. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

a non-personal server, wherein the personal server maintains a connection to the mobile device through the non-personal server.

69. The system of claim 63, wherein the personal server comprises:

means for receiving a message from the mobile device, the message having a plurality of destinations; and

means for forwarding the message to the plurality of destinations.

70. The system of claim 63, wherein the personal server includes data not included in the mobile device, and wherein the personal server includes means for transmitting the data to a destination on behalf of the mobile device.

71. The system of claim 63, wherein:

the mobile device includes means for transmitting a message having a destination to the personal server according to a first protocol but not according to a second protocol;

the personal server includes means for forwarding the message to the destination according to the second protocol.

72. The system of claim 63, wherein the second protocol comprises an electronic mail protocol.

73. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

configuration means for configuring the personal server to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device; and

wherein the personal server further comprises means for receiving a message having the mobile device as its destination and storing the message at the personal server without forwarding the message to the mobile device if the personal server is configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device.

74. The system of claim 73, wherein the personal server further comprises means for forwarding the message to the mobile device if the personal server is not configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device.

75. The system of claim 73, wherein the personal server includes the configuration means.

76. The system of claim 73, further comprising a non-personal server coupled to the personal server, wherein the non-personal server includes the configuration means.

77. The system of claim 63, wherein the mobile device comprises means for instructing the personal server to execute a computer program, and wherein the personal server comprises means for executing the computer program in response to the instruction from the mobile device.

78. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

a non-personal server coupled to the mobile device and the personal server, the non-personal server comprising;

means for receiving a message from the mobile device;

means for determining whether the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server; and

means for storing the message at the non-personal server if the personal server is determined not to be accessible to the non-personal server.

79. The system of claim 78, wherein the non-personal server further comprises:

means for transmitting the message to the personal server if the personal server is determined to be accessible to the non-personal server.

80. The system of claim 79, wherein:

the means for determining comprises;

means for repeatedly determining whether the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server over a period of time; and

means for identifying a time at which the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server; and

wherein

the means for transmitting comprises;

means for transmitting the message to the personal server at about the identified time.

81. The system of claim 63, wherein the personal server comprises:

means for storing personal data on behalf of the user.

82. The system of claim 81, further comprising:

means for receiving the personal data on behalf of the user.

83. The system of claim 82, wherein the means for receiving comprises means for receiving the personal data from the mobile device.

84. The system of claim 81, wherein the personal server further comprises:

means for providing the personal data to the user through the mobile device in response to a request from the user.

85. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

determination means for determining whether to transmit an incoming message to the personal server or to the mobile device;

first transmission means for transmitting the message to the personal server if it is determined that the message is to be transmitted to the personal server; and

second transmission means for transmitting the message to the mobile device if it is determined that the message is to be transmitted to the mobile device.

86. The system of claim 85, wherein the mobile device includes the determination means.

87. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

an instant messaging server coupled to the personal server over a second wide area network connection, the instant message server comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information to the personal server using an instant messaging protocol;

wherein the personal server comprises;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol; and

means for transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection using a non-instant messaging protocol; and

wherein the mobile device comprises means for receiving the at least some of the instant messaging information over the first connection using the non-instant messaging protocol.

88. The system of claim 87, wherein the at least some of the instant messaging information comprises less than all of the instant messaging information.

89. The system of claim 88, wherein the instant messaging information comprises presence information, and wherein the at least some of the instant messaging information comprises less than all of the presence information.

90. The system of claim 87, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

91. The system of claim 87, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

92. The system of claim 87, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

93. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

an instant messaging server coupled to the personal server over a second wide area network connection, the instant messaging server comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information to the personal server using an instant messaging protocol;

wherein the personal server comprises;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol;

means for filtering the instant messaging information to produce filtered instant messaging information;

means for transmitting the filtered instant messaging information over the first connection to the mobile device; and

wherein the mobile device comprises means for receiving the filtered instant messaging information over the first connection.

94. The system of claim 93, wherein the instant messaging information comprises presence information, and wherein the means for filtering comprises means for removing at least some of the presence information from the instant messaging information.

95. The system of claim 93, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

96. The system of claim 93, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

97. The system of claim 93, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

98. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

an instant messaging server comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information using an instant messaging protocol;

a plurality of personal servers coupled to the instant messaging server over a first plurality of wide area network connections, wherein the personal server comprises one of the plurality of personal servers, each of the plurality of personal servers comprising;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol;

means for filtering the instant messaging information to produce filtered instant messaging information;

means for transmitting the filtered instant messaging information over a corresponding one of a plurality of second wide area network connections; and

a plurality of mobile devices coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of personal servers over corresponding ones of the plurality of second wide area connections, the mobile device comprising one of the plurality of mobile devices, each of the plurality of mobile devices including means for receiving the filtered instant messaging information over the corresponding one of the second plurality of wide area connections.

99. The system of claim 98, wherein the instant messaging information comprises presence information, and wherein the means for filtering comprises means for removing at least some of the presence information from the instant messaging information.

100. The system of claim 98, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

101. The system of claim 98, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

102. The system of claim 98, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

103. The system of claim 63, further comprising:

a plurality of instant messaging servers comprising means for transmitting instant messaging information using at least one instant messaging protocol;

wherein the personal server is coupled to the plurality of instant messaging servers over a plurality of wide area network connections, the personal server comprising;

means for receiving the instant messaging information from the plurality of instant messaging servers using the at least one instant messaging protocol;

means for transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection; and

wherein the mobile device comprises means for receiving the at least some instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection.

104. The system of claim 103, wherein the at least some of the instant messaging information comprises less than all of the instant messaging information.

105. The system of claim 103, wherein the mobile device does not include means for communicating with the instant messaging server using the instant messaging protocol.

106. The system of claim 103, wherein the first connection comprises a wireless connection and wherein the second connection comprises a wired connection.

107. The system of claim 103, wherein the first connection is metered as a first function of data usage, wherein the second connection is metered as a second function of data usage, whereby the first connection is less costly than the second connection for equivalent data usages.

108. A computer-implemented method comprising a step of:

(A) at a personal server coupled to a mobile device over a first wide area network connection, the mobile device having a user, transmitting personal data between the mobile device and the user and others authorized by the user, but to no other users.

109. The method of claim 108, wherein the personal server comprises a personal computer.

110. The method of claim 108, wherein the user owns the mobile device and the personal server.

111. The method of claim 110, wherein the user is authorized by an owner of the mobile device to perform read-only actions using the mobile device.

112. The method of claim 108, wherein the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone.

113. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving a message from the mobile device, the message having a plurality of destinations; and

(A)(2) forwarding the message to the plurality of destinations.

114. The method of claim 108, wherein the personal server includes data not included in the mobile device, and wherein the step (A) comprises a step of transmitting the data to a destination on behalf of the mobile device.

115. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving a message from the mobile device according to a first protocol, the message having a destination;

(A)(2) forwarding the message to the destination according to a second protocol that differs from the first protocol.

116. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving a message having the mobile device as its destination;

(A)(2) determining whether the personal server is configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device; and

(A)(3) storing the message at the personal server without forwarding the message to the mobile device if it is determined that the personal server is configured to receive messages on behalf of the mobile device.

117. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving an instruction from the mobile device to execute a computer program; and

(A)(2) executing the program in response to the instruction.

118. The method of claim 108, further comprising a step of:

(B) at a non-personal server coupled to the mobile device and the personal server, performing steps of;

(1) receiving a message from the mobile device;

(2) determining whether the personal server is accessible to the non-personal server; and

(3) storing the message at the non-personal server if the personal server is determined not to be accessible to the non-personal server.

119. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises a step of:

(A)(1) storing personal data on behalf of the user.

120. The method of claim 119, wherein the step (A) further comprises a step of:

(A)(2) receiving the personal data on behalf of the user.

121. The method of claim 119, wherein the step (A) further comprises a step of:

(A)(2) providing the personal data to the user through the mobile device in response to a request from the user.

122. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving instant messaging information from an instant messaging server using an instant messaging protocol; and

(A)(2) transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection to the mobile device using a non-instant messaging protocol.

123. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving instant messaging information from an instant messaging server using an instant messaging protocol;

(A)(2) filtering the instant messaging information to produce filtered instant messaging information; and

(A)(3) transmitting the filtered instant messaging information to the mobile device.

124. The method of claim 108, wherein the step (A) comprises steps of:

(A)(1) receiving instant messaging information from a plurality of instant messaging servers using at least one instant messaging protocol; and

(A)(2) transmitting at least some of the instant messaging information over the first wide area network connection to a mobile device.