Index extraction from documents

• US 20060036614A1
• Filed: 08/12/2004
• Published: 02/16/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP (Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Company)
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Simske, Steven J., Wright, David W.
• Granted Patent: US 8,805,803 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/31 Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/35 Clustering; Classification

Abstract

Systems, methods, and programs embodied in a computer readable medium are provided for index extraction. Stored in a database are ground truth documents that are organized according to a plurality of classifications, each classification having a group of predefined indices. A document to be indexed is classified by drawing an association between the document and one of the classifications. An attempt is made to extract from the document at least a subset of the group of predefined indices associated with the one of the classifications. Upon a failure to extract the subset of the group of predefined indices, attempts are made to find and correct at least one text recognition error in the document based upon a salient dictionary associated with the one of the classifications.

Claims

1. A method for index extraction, comprising the steps of:

storing a plurality of ground truth documents in a database, the documents being organized according to a plurality of classifications, each classification having a group of predefined indices;

classifying a document by drawing an association between the document to be indexed and one of the classifications;

attempting to extract from the document at least a subset of the group of predefined indices associated with the one of the classifications; and

attempting to find and correct at least one text recognition error in the document based upon a salient dictionary associated with the one of the classifications upon a failure to extract the subset of the group of predefined indices.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of making a subsequent attempt to extract from the document at least the subset of the group of predefined indices after correcting at least one text recognition error in the document.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of reclassifying the document upon a failure to extract at least the subset of the group of predefined indices from the document.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of reclassifying the document further comprises the steps of:

organizing a plurality of terms in the document into a number of language groups, each of the language groups being defined by a characteristic of a native language of the document, wherein at least one of the terms is considered to be a putative index;

searching indices associated with the ground truth documents for occurrences of the putative index; and

reclassifying the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having at least one occurrence of the putative index.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one of language groups is defined by capitalization of the terms.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one of language groups is defined by whether a term appears in a native language dictionary.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of reclassifying the document further comprises the steps of:

determining a relative frequency of each of the terms in the document;

identifying at least one putative index of the document based in part upon the relative frequency of each of the terms in the document;

searching indices associated with the ground truth documents for occurrences of the at least one putative index; and

reclassifying the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having at least one occurrence of the at least one putative index.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of identifying the at least one putative index of the document further comprises:

calculating a metric for each of the terms in the document as a function of a relative frequency of each term in the document multiplied, respectively, by an inverse of a generalized relative frequency of each term in a native language; and

selecting at least the term in the document that has the highest one of the metrics calculated as the at least one putative index.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of reclassifying the document further comprises the steps of:

comparing structure of the document with a structure of each one of a plurality of the ground truth documents; and

reclassifying the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having a structure that substantially matches a structure of the document.

10. A program embodied in a computer-readable medium for index extraction, comprising:

a database including a plurality of ground truth documents, the documents being organized according to a plurality of classifications, each classification having a group of predefined indices;

at least one indexing entity that attempts to extract from a document to be indexed at least a subset of the group of predefined indices associated with one of the classifications; and

a corrective engine that attempts to find and correct at least one text recognition error in the document based upon a salient dictionary associated with the one of the classifications upon a failure to extract the subset of the group of predefined indices.

11. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising code that makes a subsequent attempt to extract from the document at least the subset of the group of predefined indices after correcting at least one text recognition error in the document.

12. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the document is classified by association with the one of the classifications, the program further comprising a reclassification engine that reclassifies the document upon a failure to extract at least the subset of the group of predefined indices from the document.

13. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the reclassification engine further comprises:

code that organizes a plurality of terms in the document into a number of language groups, each of the language groups being defined by a characteristic of a native language of the document, wherein at least one of the terms is considered to be a putative index;

code that searches indices associated with the ground truth documents for occurrences of the putative index; and

code that reclassifies the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having at least one occurrence of the putative index.

14. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein at least one of language groups is defined by capitalization of the terms.

15. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein at least one of language groups is defined by whether a term appears in a native language dictionary.

16. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the reclassification engine further comprises:

code that determines a relative frequency of each of the terms in the document;

code that identifies at least one putative index of the document based in part upon the relative frequency of each of the terms in the document;

code that searches indices associated with the ground truth documents for occurrences of the at least one putative index; and

code that reclassifies the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document having at least one occurrence of the at least one putative index.

17. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the code that identifies the at least one putative index of the document further comprises:

code that calculates a metric for each of the terms in the document as a function of a relative frequency of each term in the document multiplied, respectively, by an inverse of a generalized relative frequency of each term in a native language; and

code that selects at least the term in the document that has the highest one of the metrics calculated as the at least one putative index.

18. The program embodied in the computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the reclassification engine further comprises:

code that compares structure of the document with a structure of each one of a plurality of the ground truth documents; and

code that reclassifies the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having a structure that substantially matches a structure of the document.

19. An apparatus for index extraction, comprising:

a processor circuit having a processor and a memory;

a database stored in the memory, the database including a plurality of ground truth documents, the documents being organized according to a plurality of classifications, each classification having a group of predefined indices;

a document to be indexed stored in the memory, the document being associated with one of the classifications; and

an automated document indexing system stored in the memory and executable by the processor, the automated document indexing system comprising;

at least one indexing entity that attempts to extract from the document at least a subset of the group of predefined indices associated with the one of the classifications; and

a corrective engine that attempts to find and correct at least one text recognition error in the document based upon a salient dictionary associated with the one of the classifications upon a failure to extract the subset of the group of predefined indices.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the automated document indexing system further comprises logic that makes a subsequent attempt to extract from the document at least the subset of the group of predefined indices after correcting at least one text recognition error in the document.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the automated document indexing system further comprises a reclassification engine that reclassifies the document upon a failure to extract at least the subset of the group of predefined indices from the document.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reclassification engine further comprises:

logic that organizes a plurality of terms in the document into a number of language groups, each of the language groups being defined by a characteristic of a native language of the document, wherein at least one of the terms is considered to be a putative index;

logic that searches indices associated with the ground truth documents for occurrences of the putative index; and

logic that reclassifies the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having the occurrence of the putative index.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of language groups is defined by capitalization of the terms.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of language groups is defined by whether a term appears in a native language dictionary.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reclassification engine further comprises:

logic that determines a relative frequency of each of the terms in the document;

logic that identifies at least one putative index of the document based in part upon the relative frequency of each of the terms in the document;

logic that searches indices associated with the ground truth documents for occurrences of the at least one putative index; and

logic that reclassifies the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document having at least one occurrence of the at least one putative index.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the logic that identifies the at least one putative index of the document further comprises:

logic that calculates a metric for each of the terms in the document as a function of a relative frequency of each term in the document multiplied, respectively, by an inverse of a generalized relative frequency of each term in a native language; and

logic that selects at least the term in the document that has the highest one of the metrics calculated as the at least one putative index.

27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reclassification engine further comprises:

logic that compares structure of the document with a structure of each one of a plurality of the ground truth documents; and

logic that reclassifies the document as belonging to a classification that includes at least one ground truth document that having a structure that substantially matches a structure of the document.

28. An apparatus for index extraction, comprising:

a database stored in a memory, the database including a plurality of ground truth documents, the documents being organized according to a plurality of classifications, each classification having a group of predefined indices;

a document to be indexed stored in the memory, the document being associated with one of the classifications;

means for attempting to extract from the document at least a subset of the group of predefined indices associated with the one of the classifications; and

means for attempting to find and correct at least one text recognition error in the document based upon a salient dictionary associated with the one of the classifications upon a failure to extract the subset of the group of predefined indices.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising means for making a subsequent attempt to extract from the document at least the subset of the group of predefined indices after correcting at least one text recognition error in the document.

30. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising means for reclassifying the document upon a failure to extract at least the subset of the group of predefined indices from the document.