Switching control circuit with variable switching frequency for primary-side-controlled power converters

• US 20060050539A1
• Filed: 09/09/2004
• Published: 03/09/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: System General Corporation (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Inventors: Yang, Ta-yung, Hung, Guo-Kiang, Lin, Jenn-yu G., Tsao, Feng Cheng, Wei, Chiu Shao
• Granted Patent: US 7,061,780 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 363/21.160
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/44 Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop

Abstract

The invention presents a switching control circuit for a primary-side-controlled power converter. A pattern generator produces a digital pattern to control a programmable capacitor that is connected to an oscillator, which produces frequency hopping to reduce the EMI. A voltage-waveform detector produces a voltage-feedback signal and a discharge-time signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal of a transformer. A current-waveform detector and an integrator generate a feedback signal. The integration of a current-waveform signal with a timing signal generates the average-current signal. Time constant of the integrator is correlated to the switching frequency. The oscillator generates the timing signal and a pulse signal in response to the output of a current-loop error amplifier. A PWM circuit generates the switching signal in response to the pulse signal and the output of a voltage-loop error amplifier for switching the switching device and regulating the output of the power converter.

Claims

1. A switching control circuit for a primary-side-controlled power converter, comprising:

a switch for switching a transformer;

wherein said transformer is coupled to an input voltage of the power converter;

a sense device, which is coupled to said transformer for sensing current or/and voltage of said transformer;

a switching signal, coupled to said switch for regulating an output voltage and a maximum output current of the power converter; and

a controller, coupled to said transformer to generate a first feedback signal and a discharge-time signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal and a discharge time of said transformer during an off-time of said switching signal, said controller further coupled to said sense device to generate a second feedback signal in response to said discharge-time signal and a current signal of said transformer, wherein said controller generates said switching signal in response to said first feedback signal, said controller controlling a switching frequency of said switching signal in response to said second feedback signal.

2. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said controller comprising:

a first waveform detector, coupled to said transformer for producing said first feedback signal and said discharge-time signal by multi-sampling said voltage signal from an auxiliary winding of said transformer;

wherein said discharge-time signal corresponds to said discharge time of a secondary-side switching current of said transformer;

a second waveform detector and an integrator, producing said second feedback signal by integrating an average-current signal with said discharge-time signal, wherein a current-waveform signal integrated with the pulse width of a timing signal generate said average-current signal;

said current-waveform signal is produced by measuring said current signal;

a first error amplifier and a second error amplifier, for amplifying said first feedback signal and said second feedback signal respectively;

an oscillator, coupled to said second error amplifier, generating a pulse signal and said timing signal in response to an output of said second error amplifier, wherein said pulse signal determines the switching frequency of said switching signal;

wherein the pulse width of said timing signal is correlated with the switching frequency of said switching signal;

a peak-current limiter, coupled to said sense device to limit the maximum value of said current signal; and

a PWM circuit, generating said switching signal in response to said pulse signal, an output of said first error amplifier and an output of said peak-current limiter.

3. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said controller further comprising:

a programmable current source, connected to an input of said first waveform detector for temperature compensation;

wherein said programmable current source produces a programmable current in response to the temperature of said controller.

4. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said controller further comprising:

a pattern generator, for generating a digital pattern;

a first programmable capacitor, coupled to said oscillator and said pattern generator for modulating said switching frequency in response to said digital pattern; and

a second programmable capacitor, coupled to said integrator and said pattern generator for correlating the time constant of said integrator with said switching frequency;

wherein the capacitance of said first programmable capacitor and said second programmable capacitor is determined by said digital pattern.

5. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the time constant of said integrator is correlated with the switching period of said switching signal.

6. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first waveform detector comprises:

a sample-pulse generator, for producing a sample-pulse signal;

a threshold signal, wherein said threshold signal adds said voltage signal to produce a level-shift signal;

a first capacitor and a second capacitor;

a first signal generator, producing a first sample signal and a second sample signal, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are used for alternately sampling said voltage signal, wherein a first hold voltage and a second hold voltage are respectively held across said first capacitor and said second capacitor;

wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are alternately generated in response to said sample-pulse signal during an enabled period of said discharge-time signal;

wherein a delay time is inserted at the beginning of said discharge-time signal, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are disabled during the period of said delay time;

a buffer amplifier, generating a hold signal from the higher voltage of said first hold voltage and said second hold voltage;

a first output capacitor, producing said first feedback signal by sampling said hold signal; and

a second signal generator, producing said discharge-time signal;

wherein said discharge-time signal is enabled as said switching signal is disabled;

wherein after said delay time, said discharge-time signal can be disabled once said level-shift signal is lower than said first feedback signal;

wherein said discharge-time signal can also be disabled as long as said switching signal is enabled.

7. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first waveform detector multi-samples said voltage signal to generate an end voltage for producing said first feedback signal;

wherein said end voltage is sampled and measured instantly before said secondary-side switching current drops to zero.

8. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein said pattern generator comprises:

a clock generator, for producing a clock signal; and

a register, for generating said digital pattern in response to said clock signal.

9. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said oscillator comprises:

a first V-to-I converter, for generating a first charge current, a discharge current and a second charge current in response to said output of said second error amplifier;

wherein said first V-to-I converter includes a first operational amplifier, a first oscillator resistor and a first group of transistors;

a first oscillator capacitor;

a first switch, wherein a first terminal of said first switch is supplied with said first charge current and a second terminal of said first switch is connected to said first oscillator capacitor;

a second switch, wherein a first terminal of said second switch is connected to said first oscillator capacitor and a second terminal of said second switch is driven by said discharge current;

a first comparator, having a non-inverting input connected to said first oscillator capacitor, wherein said first comparator generates said pulse signal;

a third switch, having a first terminal supplied with a high threshold voltage and a second terminal connected to an inverting input of said first comparator;

a fourth switch, having a first terminal supplied with a low threshold voltage and a second terminal connected to said inverting input of said first comparator;

an inverter, having an input connected to an output of said first comparator for producing an inverse pulse signal;

wherein said pulse signal turns on/off said second switch and said fourth switch, wherein said inverse pulse signal turns on/off said first switch and said third switch;

a third resistor, generating a trip-point voltage in response to said second charge current;

a second oscillator capacitor;

a fifth switch connected in parallel with said second oscillator capacitor;

a second comparator, having an inverting input connected to said second oscillator capacitor, a non-inverting input supplied with said trip-point voltage, wherein said second comparator generates said timing signal.

10. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said second waveform detector comprises:

a peak detector, generating a peak-current signal by measuring a peak value of said current signal;

a third capacitor, holding said peak-current signal;

a second output capacitor, producing said current-waveform; and

a switch, for conducting said peak-current signal to said second output capacitor.

11. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said integrator comprises:

a first V-to-I converter, formed by a first operational amplifier, a first timing resistor and a first group of transistors, wherein said first V-to-I converter generates a first integrator charge current in response to said current-waveform signal;

a first timing capacitor, for producing a first integrated signal;

a first switch, wherein a first terminal of said first switch is supplied with said first integrator charge current and a second terminal of said first switch is connected to said first timing capacitor;

wherein said timing signal turns on/off said first switch;

a second switch, connected in parallel with said first timing capacitor for discharging said first timing capacitor;

a third switch;

a second output capacitor, producing an average-current signal by sampling said first integrated signal through said third switch;

a second V-to-I converter, formed by a second operational amplifier, a second timing resistor and a second group of transistors, wherein said second V-to-I converter generates a second integrator charge current in response to said average-current signal;

a third timing capacitor, for producing a second integrated signal;

a fourth switch, wherein a first terminal of said fourth switch is supplied with said second integrator charge current and a second terminal of said fourth switch is connected to said third timing capacitor;

wherein said discharge-time signal turns on/off said fourth switch;

a fifth switch, connected in parallel with said third timing capacitor for discharging said third timing capacitor;

a sixth switch; and

a fourth output capacitor, producing said second feedback signal by sampling said second integrated signal through said sixth switch.

12. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switching signal having a minimum on-time once said switching signal is enabled, which further ensures a minimum value of said discharge time for multi-sampling said voltage signal.

13. A switching control circuit for a primary-side-controlled power converter, comprising:

a switch for switching a transformer;

in which said transformer is coupled to an input voltage of the power converter;

a switching signal coupled to said switch for regulating said output voltage; and

a controller coupled to said transformer to generate a first feedback signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal and a discharge time of said transformer during an off-time of said switching signal, wherein said controller generates said switching signal in response to said first feedback signal, wherein said controller comprises a first waveform detector.

14. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first waveform detector comprising:

a sample-pulse generator, for producing a sample-pulse signal;

a threshold signal, wherein said threshold signal adds said voltage signal producing a level-shift signal;

a first capacitor and a second capacitor;

a first signal generator, producing a first sample signal and a second sample signal, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are used for alternately sampling said voltage signal, wherein a first hold voltage and a second hold voltage are respectively held across said first capacitor and said second capacitor, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are alternately generated in response to said sample-pulse signal during an enabled period of a discharge-time signal, wherein a delay time is inserted at the beginning of said discharge-time signal, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are disabled during the period of said delay time;

a buffer amplifier, generating a hold signal from the higher voltage of said first hold voltage and said second hold voltage;

a first output capacitor, producing said first feedback signal by sampling said hold signal;

a second signal generator, producing said discharge-time signal;

wherein said discharge-time signal is enabled as said switching signal is disabled, wherein after said delay time, said discharge-time signal can be disabled once said level-shift signal is lower than said first feedback signal, wherein said discharge-time signal can also be disabled as long as said switching signal is enabled;

said discharge-time signal is generated in accordance with said discharge time of said transformer.

15. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 13, wherein said first waveform detector multi-sampling said voltage signal to generate an end voltage for producing said first feedback signal;

wherein said end voltage is sampled and measured instantly before a secondary-side switching current drops to zero.