Structured fluid compositions for electrophoretically frustrated total internal reflection displays
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Abstract
A structured fluid composition comprising: (a) a low refractive index liquid; (b) particles including light absorbing charged particles such as pigments, non-light absorbing uncharged particles such as teflon, silica, alumina and combinations thereof; and (c) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; for use in a TIR electronic display. The inventive composition improves the long-term stability, response time and visible appearance of image displays which electrophoretically frustrate total internal reflection (TIR).
42 Citations
24 Claims
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1. (canceled)
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2. An electronically addressable display, comprising:
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(a) a transparent upper front sheet;
(b) a lower sheet that is essentially parallel to and spaced from the upper front sheet;
(c) a structured electrophoretic suspension substantially filling the space between the sheets which structure is controlled by the composition of the suspension, wherein the composition comprises a low refractive index liquid;
a light absorbing particles;
particles which are not light absorbing; and
at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a charging agent, a surfactant, a flocculating agent, a polymer, and combination thereof; and
(d) a means for applying a voltage across the suspension for controllably compressing the colloidal suspension away from the inward surface of the front sheet to either form a thin particle free liquid layer to allow total internal reflection or a layer with a higher concentration of particles to frustrate total internal reflection at the inward surface of light rays passing through the front sheet. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24)
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7-9. -9. (canceled)
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16. (canceled)
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21. (canceled)
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22. (canceled)
Specification