Apparatus and method for formation evaluation

• US 20060076132A1
• Filed: 10/07/2004
• Published: 04/13/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (Schlumberger NV)
• Original Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (Schlumberger NV)
• Inventors: Del Campo, Christopher S., Nold, Raymond V. III, Zazovsky, Alexander F., Briquet, Stephane, Ervin, Steve
• Granted Patent: US 7,458,419 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 166/264
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/10 using side-wall fluid samplers or testers

Abstract

A probe assembly samples fluid from a wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation having a virgin fluid therein beyond a layer of contaminated fluid surrounding the wellbore. The probe assembly includes a probe body extendable from a downhole tool, and a packer carried by the probe body and having a distal surface adapted for sealingly engaging the wellbore. The packer has an outer and inner periphery, with the inner periphery being defined by a bore through the packer. The packer is further equipped with channel(s) formed in the distal surface and arranged to define an annular cleanup intake intermediate the inner and outer peripheries. The passageway(s) extend(s) through the packer for conducting virgin fluid and/or contaminated fluid between the channel(s). A sampling tube is sealingly disposed in the bore of the packer for conducting virgin fluid to a second inlet in the probe body and the downhole tool.

Claims

1. A probe assembly for employment by a downhole tool disposed in a wellbore surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, the wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation having a virgin fluid therein beyond the layer of contaminated fluid, the probe assembly comprising:

a probe body extendable from the downhole tool;

a packer carried by the probe body and having a distal surface adapted for sealingly engaging a portion of the wellbore, the packer having an outer diameter and an inner diameter, the inner diameter being defined by a bore through the packer, the packer being further equipped with;

one or more channels formed in the distal surface and arranged to define an annular cleanup intake intermediate the inner and outer diameters;

a plurality of braces disposed in the one or more channels and operatively connected to define a flexible bracing ring; and

at least one passageway extending through the packer for conducting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof between the one or more channels and a first inlet in the probe body, the first inlet in the probe body fluidly communicating with the downhole tool;

a sampling tube sealingly disposed in the bore of the packer for conducting virgin fluid to a second inlet in the probe body, the second inlet in the probe body fluidly communicating with the downhole tool.

2. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the probe body is extendable under hydraulic pressure delivered from the downhole tool.

3. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the sampling tube is extendable from the probe body under hydraulic pressure delivered from the downhole tool.

4. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer packer is elastomeric.

5. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the sampling tube is equipped with a filter for filtering particles from the virgin fluid admitted to the sampling tube.

6. The probe assembly of claim 1, further comprising a piston (blue) disposed within the sampling tube and being extendable from the probe body for ejecting particles from the sampling tube upon extension of the piston relative to the sampling tube.

7. The probe assembly of claim 6, wherein the piston comprises an axial passageway therein and one or more perforations in a sidewall thereof for conducting virgin fluid admitted to the sampling tube to the axial passageway, the axial passageway fluidly communicating with the second inlet in the probe body.

8. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the braces are integrally formed with the packer.

9. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the braces are flexible and are press-fitted into the one or more channels.

10. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the packer is equipped with one continuous annular channel formed in the distal surface intermediate the inner and outer diameters thereof.

11. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the packer is equipped with a plurality of channels formed in the distal surface and arranged in an annular cleanup intake intermediate the inner and outer diameters thereof.

12. The probe assembly of claim 11, wherein the packer is equipped with a plurality of passageways each extending therethrough for conducting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof between one of the channels and the first inlet in the probe body.

13. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein each passageway in the packer is lined with a tube.

14. The probe assembly of claim 13, wherein each passageway tube is integrally formed with the packer.

15. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the annular cleanup intake is circular and has an inner diameter that is approximately 2 to 2.5 times as wide as the inner diameter of the sampling tube.

16. The probe assembly of claim 1′

, wherein the annular cleanup intake is circular and has an outer diameter that is approximately 2.5 to 3 times as large as the inner diameter of the sampling tube.

17. The probe assembly of claim 1, wherein the annular cleanup intake is circular and the outer diameter of the annular cleanup intake is approximately 1.2 times as wide as the inner diameter of the annular cleanup intake.

56. The packer of claim 4.8, wherein the annular cleanup intake is circular and has an inner diameter that is approximately 2 to 2.5 times as wide as the inner diameter of the sampling tube.

18. A probe assembly for employment by a downhole tool disposed in a wellbore surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, the wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation having a virgin fluid therein beyond the layer of contaminated fluid, the probe assembly comprising:

a probe body extendable from the downhole tool;

an outer packer carried by the probe body for sealingly engaging a first annular portion of the wellbore, the outer packer having a bore therethrough;

a sampling tube disposed in the bore of the outer packer and forming an annulus therebetween, the sampling tube being extendable from the probe body and carrying an inner packer on a distal end thereof for sealingly engaging a second annular portion of the wellbore within the first annular portion;

a first inlet in the probe body fluidly communicating with the annulus for admitting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof into the downhole tool; and

a second inlet in the probe body fluidly communicating with the sampling tube for admitting virgin fluid into the downhole tool.

19. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the probe body is extendable under hydraulic pressure delivered from the downhole tool.

20. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the outer packer is elastomeric.

21. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the sampling tube is equipped with a filter for filtering particles from the virgin fluid admitted to the sampling tube.

22. The probe assembly of claim 21, wherein the filter comprises a perforated portion of the sampling tube.

23. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the distal end of the sampling tube comprises an annular channel.

24. The probe assembly of claim 23, wherein the inner packer is toroidally-shaped and is carried in the annular channel of the distal end of the sampling tube.

25. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the sampling tube is extendable from the probe body under hydraulic pressure delivered from the downhole tool.

26. The probe assembly of claim 18, further comprising a tubular brace disposed in the annulus for supporting the outer packer.

27. The probe assembly of claim 26, wherein the tubular brace is equipped with a filter for filtering particles from the virgin fluid, contaminated fluid, or combinations thereof admitted to the annulus.

28. The probe assembly of claim 27, wherein the filter comprises a perforated portion of the tubular brace.

29. The probe assembly of claim 27, wherein the tubular brace and the sampling tube are each equipped with filters that cooperate to filter the virgin fluid, contaminated fluid, or combinations thereof admitted to the annulus.

30. The probe assembly of claim 25, wherein the tubular brace is extendable from the probe body under hydraulic pressure delivered from the downhole tool.

31. The probe assembly of claim 30, wherein the sampling tube is equipped with an outer flange for ejecting particles from the annulus upon extension of the sampling tube relative to the tubular brace.

32. The probe assembly of claim 18, further comprising a piston disposed within the sampling tube and being extendable from the probe body for ejecting particles from the sampling tube upon extension of the piston relative to the sampling tube.

33. The probe assembly of claim 32, wherein the piston comprises an axial passageway therein and one or more perforations in a sidewall thereof for conducting virgin fluid admitted to the sampling tube to the axial passageway, the axial passageway fluidly communicating with the second inlet in the probe body.

34. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the inner diameter of the annulus is approximately 2 to 2.5 times as wide as the inner diameter of the sampling tube.

35. The probe assembly of claim 34, wherein the outer diameter of the annulus is approximately 2.5 to 3 times as large as the inner diameter of the sampling tube.

36. The probe assembly of claim 18, wherein the outer diameter of the annulus is approximately 1.2 times as wide as the inner diameter of the annulus.

37. A method for acquiring a sample of a virgin fluid from a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, comprising the steps of:

effecting a seal against a first annular portion of the wellbore;

effecting a seal against a second annular portion of the wellbore within the first annular portion, thereby isolating an annular portion of the wellbore between the first and second annular portions as well as a circular portion of the wellbore within the first annular portion;

drawing one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof through the isolated annular portion of the wellbore; and

drawing virgin fluid through the isolated circular portion of the wellbore.

38. The method of claim 37, further comprising the step of collecting the virgin fluid drawn through the isolated circular portion of the wellbore.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein:

the seal is effected against the first annular portion using an extendable outer packer; and

the seal is effected against the second annular portion using an extendable inner packer, the inner packer being extendable beyond the outer packer;

the outer and inner packers being components of a probe assembly conveyed on a downhole tool disposed in the wellbore.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the drawing and collecting steps are executed using the probe assembly and the downhole tool.

41. An apparatus for characterizing a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, the subsurface formation having a virgin fluid therein beyond the layer of contaminated fluid, the apparatus comprising:

a downhole tool adapted for conveyance within the wellbore;

a probe assembly carried by the downhole tool for sampling fluid, the probe assembly comprising;

a probe body extendable from the downhole tool;

an outer packer carried by the probe body for sealingly engaging a first annular portion of the wellbore, the outer packer having a bore therethrough;

a sampling tube disposed in the bore of the outer packer and forming an annulus therebetween, the sampling tube being extendable from the probe body and carrying an inner packer on a distal end thereof for sealingly engaging a second annular portion of the wellbore within the first annular portion;

a first inlet in the probe body fluidly communicating with the annulus for admitting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof into the downhole tool; and

a second inlet in the probe body fluidly communicating with the sampling tube for admitting virgin fluid into the downhole tool; and

an actuator for moving the probe body between a retracted position for conveyance of the downhole tool and an extended position for sampling fluid.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the actuator is operable for also moving the sampling tube between a retracted position and an extended position such that the inner packer sealingly engages the second annular portion of the wellbore.

43. The apparatus of claim 41, further comprising:

a flow line extending through a portion of the downhole tool and fluidly communicating with the first and second inlets of the probe assembly for admitting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof into the downhole tool; and

a pump carried within the downhole tool for drawing one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof into the downhole tool via the flow line.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising:

a sample chamber carried within the downhole tool for receiving one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof from the pump.

45. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

an instrument carried within the downhole tool for analyzing fluid drawn into the downhole tool via the flow line and the pump.

46. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the downhole tool is adapted for conveyance within a wellbore via a wireline.

47. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the downhole tool is adapted for conveyance within a wellbore via a drill string.

48. A packer for employment by a probe assembly carried on downhole tool conveyed in a wellbore penetrating a subsurface formation surrounded by a layer of contaminated fluid, the subsurface formation having a virgin fluid therein beyond the layer of contaminated fluid, the packer comprising:

an elastomeric packer body having a distal surface adapted for sealingly engaging a portion of the wellbore, the packer body having an outer diameter and an inner diameter, the inner diameter being defined by a bore through the packer body, the packer body being further equipped with one or more channels formed in the distal surface and arranged in an annular cleanup intake intermediate the inner and outer diameters;

a plurality of braces disposed in the one or more channels of the packer body and operatively connected to define a flexible bracing ring; and

at least one passageway extending through the packer body for conducting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof through the packer body.

49. The packer of claim 48, wherein the braces are integrally formed with the packer.

50. The packer of claim 48, wherein the braces are flexible and are press-fitted into the one or more channels.

51. The packer of claim 48, wherein the packer is equipped with one continuous annular channel formed in the distal surface intermediate the inner and outer diameters thereof.

52. The packer of claim 48, wherein the packer is equipped with a plurality of channels formed in the distal surface and arranged in an annular cleanup intake intermediate the inner and outer diameters thereof.

53. The packer of claim 52, wherein the packer is equipped with a plurality of passageways each extending therethrough for conducting one of virgin fluid, contaminated fluid and combinations thereof between one of the channels and the first inlet in the probe body.

54. The packer of claim 48, wherein each passageway in the packer is lined with a tube.

55. The packer of claim 54, wherein each passageway tube is integrally formed with the packer.

57. The packer of claim 48, wherein the annular cleanup intake is circular and has an outer diameter that is approximately 2.5 to 3 times as large as the inner diameter of the sampling tube.

58. The packer of claim 48, wherein the annular cleanup intake is circular and the outer diameter of the annular cleanup intake is approximately 1.2 times as wide as the inner diameter of the annular cleanup intake.