Polymer surface modification

• US 20060093836A1
• Filed: 12/14/2005
• Published: 05/04/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/06/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fluidigm Corporation
• Original Assignee: Fluidigm Corporation
• Inventors: Unger, Marc A., Huang, Jiang, Xiao, Shoujun
• Granted Patent: US 7,368,163 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 428/447
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/285 based on polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/286 Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/327 Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3272 Polymers obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2220/54 Sorbents specially adapted for analytical or investigative chromatography
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/12 Specific details about manufacturing devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/16 Surface properties and coatings
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/163 Biocompatibility
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502707 characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components by shaping or joining plastic parts B29C59/00, B29C65/00; by laminating B32B37/00; manufacture of microstructural devices in general B81C
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 3/26 characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids foam layer B32B5/18; layer of synthetic resin characterised by fillers that create voids or cavities B32B27/205; characterised by an apertured layer
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 257/02 on to polymers of styrene or alkyl-substituted styrenes
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 263/04 on to polymers of vinyl acetate
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 265/04 on to polymers of esters
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 279/02 on to polymers of conjugated dienes
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 287/00 Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to block polymers
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 291/00 Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to macromolecular compounds according to more than one of the groups C08F251/00 - C08F289/00
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/12 Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 7/12 Chemical modification
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/043 Micropumps
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/14 having plate-like flexible members
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/139 : Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1393 : Multilayer [continuous layer]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24661 : Forming, or cooperating to form cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24744 : Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249953 : Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249958 : Void-containing component is synthetic resin or natural rubbers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249978 : Voids specified as micro
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31663 : As siloxane, silicone or silane
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31667 : Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers, or aldehyde or ketone condensation product

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a surface modified polymer comprising a surface which is covalently bonded to a surface modifying compound. Formation of the covalent bond between the polymer and the surface modifying compound is achieved by a reaction between an intrinsic functional group that is present in the polymer and the functional group of the surface modifying compound. By using a polymer having an intrinsic functional group, a separate surface activation step is avoided.

Claims

1-43. -43. (canceled)

44. A polymer article comprising:

a plurality of bulk polymer layers that includes a first polymer layer formed from a first polymer having a first reactive functional group, and a second polymer layer formed from a second polymer having a second reactive functional group, wherein the first and second functional groups are complementary functional groups that react to form a covalent bond,

wherein the first reactive functional group comprises a first unreacted group on a first monomer used in the first polymer, and the second reactive functional group comprises a second unreacted group on a second monomer used in the second polymer, and

wherein the two polymer layers are covalently bonded together through the reaction of the complementary functional groups in each of the layers.

45. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein both the first and second polymers comprise the first and second monomers, and wherein the first polymer has an excess of the first monomer, and the second polymer has an excess of the second monomer.

46. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first and second polymers are silicone polymers.

47. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first and second polymers comprise polyurethane polymers, polyisoprene polymers, polybutadiene polymers, polychloroprene polymers, or styrene butadiene polymers.

48. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first and second reactive functional groups are selected from the group consisting of an olefin group, a silane group, a hydroxyl group, an isocynate group, and epoxy group, and an amine group.

49. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first and second polymers comprise a room temperature vulcanizing silicone.

50. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first and second polymers comprise poly(dimethylsiloxane).

51. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first monomer used in the first polymer is a vinylsiloxane and the second monomer used in the second polymer is hydrosiloxane.

52. The polymer article of claim 51, wherein the first polymer comprises poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-vinylmethylsiloxane) and the second polymer comprises poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane).

53. The polymer article of claim 44, wherein the first polymer layer comprises a channel extending from an exterior surface of the first layer and into a bulk polymer matrix of the first layer, wherein the channel defines an inner surface that includes the first reaction functional group.

54. The polymer article of claim 53, wherein a surface modifying compound is covalently bound to the first reactive functional groups on the inner surface of the channel.

55. The polymer article of claim 53, wherein the surface modifying compound is a biocompatible compound.

56. The polymer article of claim 53, wherein the surface modifying compound is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly (ethylene vinyl acetate), poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyvinylpyrrolidone, CH2═

CH-PEG, and CH2=CH—

(CH2)n-poly(tetrafluoroethylene).

57. A polymer article comprising:

a plurality of layers of bulk polymer matrix, wherein the bulk polymer matrix comprises reactive functional groups dispersed therein, wherein at least two of the plurality of layers of the bulk polymer matrix are of a different chemistry, and wherein at least one of the plurality of layers of the bulk polymer matrix comprises a silicone polymer;

an exterior surface;

a channel extending from an exterior surface of the bulk polymer matrix through the bulk polymer matrix, the channel defining an inner surface; and

,

a surface-modifying compound that is covalently bonded to the bulk polymer matrix by reaction with reactive functional groups dispersed along the interior surface of the channel,

wherein an interface between two of the layers is formed by covalent bonding through polymerization of complementary reactive functional groups of the two layers.

58. The polymer article of claim 57, wherein the silicone polymer comprises a poly(dimethlysiloxane).

59. The polymer article of claim 58, wherein the silicone polymer comprises dimethylsiloxane and at least one other silicone monomer.

60. The polymer article of claim 59, wherein the at least one other silicone monomer comprises a vinylsiloxane or a hydrosiloxane.

61. The polymer article of claim 59, wherein the silicone polymer comprises dimethylsiloxane, a second silicone monomer, and a third silicone monomer.

62. The polymer article of claim 61, wherein a ratio of the second silicone monomer to the third silicone monomer is greater than 10 to 1.

63. A method of making a polymer article, the method comprising:

forming a first polymer layer from compounds comprising a first monomer having a first reactive functional group and a second monomer having a second reactive functional group, wherein the number of the first monomer units is more than the number of the second monomer units;

forming a second polymer layer comprising the first and second monomers, wherein the number of the second monomer units is more than the number of the first monomer units; and

contacting opposing surfaces of the first and second polymer layers, wherein at least a portion of the first reactive functional groups in the first polymer layer form a covalent bond with at least a portion of the second reactive functional groups in the second polymer layer.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein the first and second polymer layers comprise silocone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyisoprene polymers, polybutadiene polymers, polychloroprene polymers, or styrene butadiene polymers.

65. The method of claim 63, wherein the first monomer is a vinylsiloxane and the second monomer is a hydrosiloxane.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein the first reactive functional group is an olefin group and the second reactive functional group is a silane group.

67. The method of claim 65, wherein in the first polymer layer the number of the first monomer units exceeds the number of the second monomer units by a ratio of 10 to 1 or more.

68. The method of claim 65, wherein in the second polymer layer the number of the second monomer units exceeds the number of the first monomer units by a ratio of 10 to 1 or more.

69. The method of claim 63, wherein the method comprises forming a channel in the first polymer layer that extends from an exterior surface of the first layer and into a bulk polymer matrix of the first layer, wherein the channel defines an inner surface that includes the first reaction functional group.

70. The method of claim 69, wherein the method comprises contacting the first reactive functional groups on the inner surface of the channel with a surface modifying compound, wherein the surface modifying compound becomes covalently bound to the inner surface of the channel.

71. The method of claim 70, wherein the surface modifying compound is a biocompatible compound.

72. The method of claim 70, wherein the surface modifying compound is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly (ethylene vinyl acetate), poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyvinylpyrrolidone, CH2=CH-PEG, and CH2=CH—

(CH2)n-poly(tetrafluoroethylene).